專利授權交易營運模式分析

Abstract

專利授權交易在台灣甚為重要，有報導顯示台灣企業每年支付約1500億權利金予歐美日等國企業，藉以合法獲取技術等無形資產的實施與利用。台灣企業長期仰賴技術輸入加值於生產流程、或產品上，再於國際貿易中賺取利潤。但近幾年來台灣企業致力於研發及創新，無形資產成果漸有累積，如何將創新成果予以商業化，亦漸成為企業營運之重要議題。 本論文專利授權交易營運模式分析，研究專利授權交易之類型、授權當事人考量及交易動機、授權交易當事人之類型化、以及成功跨國企業之專利授權策略; 並研究影響專利授權利金之因素、產業別與授權費率、以及專利授權營運公司之經營模式等議題。研究發現專利授權引入技術並非落後企業之專屬議題，許多領導型企業亦以開放式創新積極引入他人技術。瞭解影響專利授權權利金因素有助企業處理專利授權事務。儘管企業進行授權之原因不同，成功跨國企業之授權策略值得參考學習。且主要智財管理組織，無論私人創新或政府主導，皆值得企業關注甚至參與，以因應全球專利訴訟戰局。

Patent licensing transactions are of crucial importance in Taiwan. It is said that in order to legally obtain intangible assets such as technologies for utilization and application, Taiwanese companies pay annual royalties of around 150 billion New Taiwan Dollars to American, European, and Japanese companies. It has been a long time for Taiwanese companies to earn profits by importing foreign technologies to increase the value of their manufacturing processes and/or products. In recent years, the trend has gradually shifted to a stronger focus on R&D and creation, resulting in an accumulation of intangible assets among Taiwanese companies. How to commercialize these intangible assets has also become an important topic. This thesis focuses on types of patent licensing transaction, consideration and motivation of the parties to transaction, types of transacting parties, licensing strategies of successful multinational enterprises, and studies on factors that influence royalty rates, royalty rates in various industries, as well as the business models of patent licensing entities, etc. Knowing what factors influence royalty rates may facilitate licensing transactions. This thesis has also found that many leading multinational companies also license-in technologies by open innovation. Patent licensing is not of value only to less competitive enterprises. In addition, it is advisable for Taiwanese enterprises to observe the development or even to participate in the major IP management entity in order to cope with global patent battle.