芥川龍之介的作品中所呈現之「異形」

Abstract

本論文旨在討論大正時期，新現實主義作家芥川龍之介所寫之作品中，所呈現之非現實形象。在此總稱之為「異形」。芥川龍之介喜好以不存在於現實中，以非人類形象的事物，來呈現在他眼中所謂的「現實」，如羅生門中老婆婆及僕人那野獸般的野蠻形象，亦或是地獄變中，在描述主角良秀那異於常人般的藝術觀時，所顯現出令人難以想像的恐怖形象。對芥川龍之介而言，他喜愛以利用古典、古代來做為他創作作品的背景。因為在那樣的時空背景下，他能夠合理地將 那些現實生活中不存在的形象，以生動、血腥、寫實的方式，透過文字，將他所想表達的「現實」呈現出來。 序章的部份，闡述研究動機及研究方面，大致的內容為：芥川龍之介對以古典作品來做為自己創作來源的原因，以及他所利用的古典作品給了他什麼樣的影響及吸引力。其中包含了像是日本古典的『今昔物語集』『宇治拾遺物語集』、和中國古典的『聊齋誌異』等。第一章至第二章，分別探討芥川龍之介的作品中以日本古典與中國古典為素材所創作出的作品所呈現之「異形」。兩章皆各探討三部作品，第一章為「羅生門」、「鼻」、「地獄變」，第二章為「酒蟲」、「仙人」、「杜子春」。第三章則是探究芥川龍之介透過這些作品中的「異形」，究竟要表達出他什麼樣的想法與體悟。最後，在終章的部分，將前兩章的「作品論」與第三章的「作家論」做一個銜接及歸納。 分析了芥川龍之介那六部作品所得的結論是：儘管芥川龍之介喜好以非現實的形象來深刻地描述出他眼中的現實及人性，但那樣的形象在作品中所呈現出的，卻是人性最寫實，最無可掩飾的一面。不論是在古代，或是現今我們所處的 現代皆是相同。

This paper aims to discuss the Taisho period, the new realist writer Akutagawa’s works, which are presented in a non-realistic image. In this thesis,is called 'Alien.' Akutagawa prefers to use the non-existed , or the image of a non-human things to present the so-called 'reality' in his eyes. For example,old lady and the Rashomon-like savage beast servant image, also, or Hell, inthe description of the protagonist shows the view of art, as demonstrate by the unimagined horror image. Akutagawa, who likes touseclassical, antiquity to create the back ground of his works.Because, in such a space-time background, he can reasonably be those that do not exist in the real life, by these vivid, bloody, realistic ways through words, he could express the 'real' which he wanted to present. In the prologue, I explained the research motivation, and it is about the reasons why Akutagawa used classical sources for his works , and also his use of classical works gave what kind of impact and appeal to him. For example, the Japanese classic 'konjakumonogatari Gallery', 'Uji Supplements Story Set', and the Chinese classic 'Strange', etc. The first and second chapter, respectively explores the works of Akutagawa which were based on the Japanese and Chinese classics. The two chapters explore three works respectively. The first chapter is about 'Rashomon', the second is 'nose',and the third is 'Hell'. The second chapter is about 'wine bug', 'fairy' and 'Duzi Chun.' The third chapter is to explore how Akutagawa express his thoughts and what he has realized through these work’s 'Alien' image. The final chapter is the connection and conclusion of the first two chapters which is about 'work theory' and the third chapter which is about the 'Writers theory'. By the analysis of Akutagawa’s six works, I concluded that although Akutagawa prefers to the non-realistic images when describing the profound reality and humanity in his eyes, but that kind of images in these works are the most realistic human side. Whether in the ancient or modern time we live in today are all the same.