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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 盧虎生(Huu-Sheng Lur) | |
dc.contributor.author | Chang-Hsuan Wu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 吳昌烜 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T13:05:42Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-08-14 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-08-14 | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-08-02 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/61554 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 近年國人生活水準與健康意識的提升,對飲食的品質亦逐漸重視,而稻米內富有機能性成分如生育醇 (Tocopherol)、生育三烯醇 (Tocotrienol) 與γ-穀維素 (γ-oryzanol) 等,可供醫藥、化妝品及健康食品之利用,因此提高水稻之生育醇、生育三烯醇與γ-穀維素可增加米食之附加價值與多樣性。文獻指出水稻中生育醇、生育三烯醇與γ-穀維素之含量會受到強光、低溫、乾旱等栽培逆境環境變化影響,但較少探討高溫逆境對這些機能性成分的影響,更少探討其與品質之間的關係。為明瞭高溫對不同品種水稻充實期穎果內機能性成分之影響,本試驗針對高溫對水稻穎果品質、生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素之影響及其間之關連進行探討。試驗分為田間試驗與溫室試驗兩部分,田間試驗分為由臺中區農業改良場所提供高溫下充實之20種不同水稻品種分析生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素含量,以瞭解田間環境中各品種間之差異性。此外,為了解田間稻穀充實期溫度對水稻穎果內之生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素含量之影響,再以苗栗區農業改良場周年栽培種植之臺稉9號水稻進行分析。溫室試驗則選擇KS139、TK9及HL21三個品種之水稻種植於臺灣大學人工氣候室,於穎果充實期進行高溫處理 (35/30℃,日/夜溫) 12天,取各發育階段穎果進行穎果生理、粒重及外觀品質分析,並利用高效液相層析 (HPLC) 分析生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素含量,進一步以即時定量聚合酶連鎖反應 (Real-time Quantitative PCR) 分析逆境反應、生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素等相關基因表現。
田間試驗顯示,高溫逆境下水稻穎果之生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素之含量與變化,會受到栽培環境變化影響且存在著品種間差異。試驗結果顯示,水稻穎果充實期遭遇高溫可促進穎果內醣解作用,推測可促進二次代謝生化路徑如Shikimate及MEP/DOXP pathway所需之前驅物的生成。分析發育穎果內之生育醇、生育三烯醇與γ-穀維素代謝之相關基因,顯示高溫會促進充實期第9-15天之穎果內TAT、HPPD、DOXPS、GGR及PNX等基因表現,暗示生育醇、生育三烯醇與γ-穀維素可能在此階段大量生成。此外結合高溫下之穎果生理代謝流與生育醇含量發現生育醇前驅物phytyl diphosphate (PDP) 之來源除MEP/DOXP pathway外,可能亦可由Chlorophyllase降解葉綠素而再生出PDP。穎果外觀品質方面,生育醇、生育三烯醇可能可影響高溫下穎果發育,減緩高溫對穎果外觀品質及粒重之影響,而γ-穀維素與稻米外觀品質間則無顯著的相關性。 本試驗提供了溫度、米質以及生育醇、生育三烯醇、γ-穀維素之間影響的基本關係架構,並初步瞭解了多品種水稻穎果在高溫下此二類機能性成分的變異性。但未來仍須進一步確認各品種之生育醇、生育三烯醇、γ-穀維素與米質之生理機制,以選育及栽培出優良品質及富含生育醇、生育三烯醇、γ-穀維素成分之品種。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In recent years, people pay more attention to food quality with the improvement of living standards and health consciousness. Rice grains contain abundant of tocochromanols (tocols) and γ-oryzanol, which could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industry; however, their levels in rice grains could be affected by cultivation environmental changes. Little studies have been reported on the relationships among tocols, γ-oryzanol and grain quality in rice. In this study, we tried to demonstrate whether the levels of tocols and γ-oryzanol were response to poor grain quality with high temperature. In field experiment, 20 rice cultivars were analyzed by HPLC to determine the levels of tocols and γ- oryzanol of brown rice. In phytotron experiment, the levels of grain chalkiness, oxidative state, chlorophyll, tocols, γ-oryzanol and gene expression were analyzed in developing rice grain of three rice cultivars, KS139, TK9 and HL21.
The expression of cyPPDKB was increased by high temperature indicated that high level of pyruvate and phsophoenolpyruvate (PEP) may promote the biosynthesis of tocols and γ-oryzanol. Inducing expression of TAT, HPPD, DOXPS, GGR and PNX with high temperature at 9- to 15-day grain further supported that the biosynthesis of tocols and γ-oryzanol were elevated. The accelerated decrease of chlorophyll on dry weight base suggested that regeneration of phytyl diphosphate may provide an alternative resource to support biosynthesis of tocols. Moreover, poor grain quality was induced by high temperature could be ameliorated by high tocols content inside developing grain. In field experiment, the high levels of tocols in TY3, TK2 and KS139 showed that these three varities would be good candidates with good grain quality under high temperature condition. This thesis revealed the prelimentary relationships among tocols, γ-oryzanol and rice grain quality under high temperature. Although the content of tocols among different cultivars was detected in this study, the mechanism to affect the differences of tocols content induced by high temperature still unclear. To further elucidate the interaction among grain quality, tocols and γ-oryzanol in different varities could provide a reference for developing rice varities with good grain quality and high tocols and γ-oryzanol. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T13:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-102-R00621123-1.pdf: 6752910 bytes, checksum: fd8b0b9781d190f7f9fc1f3d4c362c3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iv 目錄 vi 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 xi 縮寫字對照表 xii 壹、 前言 1 一、 高溫對稻米品質之影響 1 1. 臺灣稻作栽培環境背景與稻米品質 1 2. 高溫與穎果發育期大分子物質之累積 1 3. 高溫下穎果之低氧環境與能量代謝 2 4. 高溫下過氧化反應及穎果程序性細胞死亡(PCD) 3 二、 生育醇與生育三烯醇 (維生素E, Tocols) 3 1. 水稻與生育醇、生育三烯醇 4 2. 生育醇、生育三烯醇之生合成 5 3. 生育醇、生育三烯醇與逆境 6 三、 水稻與γ-穀維素 7 四、 研究目的與試驗推論 9 貳、 材料與方法 12 一、 試驗材料之栽培、處理與取樣 12 1. 臺中區農業改良場: 不同品種之生育期增溫檢測 12 2. 苗栗區農業改良場: 生育期不同栽培溫度影響 12 3. 臺灣大學生農學院人工氣候室:常溫與高溫試驗 13 二、 生理分析方法 14 1. 田間水稻穎果充實期環境溫度分析 14 2. 榖粒外觀及產量調查 14 3. 穎果重量及水分含量之測定 14 4. 穎果葉綠素含量測定 14 5. 穎果脂質過氧化物malondialdehyde (MDA)含量測定 15 6. 穎果生育醇、生育三烯酚 (維生素E, Tocols) 及γ-榖維素 (γ-oryzanol) 測定 15 三、 基因表現分析方法 17 1. 基因選取 17 2. Total RNA 萃取 17 3. 第一股cDNA合成 18 4. Real-time Quantitative PCR分析 18 參、 結果 19 一、 生理及品質性狀分析 19 1. 高溫對穎果發育期鮮、乾重及水分含量的影響 19 2. 高溫使糙米產量與外觀品質下降 19 3. 高溫加速充實前期葉綠素合成,充實後期則加速葉綠素降解 19 4. 高溫對穀粒充實期間膜系過氧化程度之影響 20 二、 生育醇、生育三烯醇 (維生素E) 含量分析 26 1. 高溫對穎果維生素E含量之影響 26 2. 高溫對穎果生育醇、生育三烯醇含量之影響 26 3. 田間塑膠棚增溫處理對不同品種成熟穎果維生素E含量之影響 27 4. 田間塑膠棚增溫處理對不同品種成熟穎果之生育醇、生育三烯醇含量影響 27 三、 γ-穀維素含量分析 35 1. 高溫對不同品種穎果γ-穀維素含量之影響 35 2. 田間塑膠棚增溫處理對不同品種成熟穎果之γ-穀維素之影響 35 四、 高溫對不同品種水稻與穎果發育期之相關基因表現 39 1. 逆境相關基因 39 2. 乾物質累積相關基因 39 3. 細胞無氧呼吸相關基因 40 4. 抗氧化相關基因 40 5. Shikimate pathway相關基因 46 6. DOXP pathway相關基因 46 7. 生育醇生合成路徑相關關鍵基因 47 8. γ-穀維素生合成相關基因 48 五、 生育醇、γ-穀維素與溫度、外觀品質之關係 55 1. 抽穗後15日內平均溫度與對穎果維生素E及γ-穀維素含量之影響 55 2. 生育醇、生育三烯醇及γ-穀維素含量對穎果外觀品質之影響 55 肆、 討論 66 一、 高溫下充實期穎果內之生理、生化反應代謝流 66 1. 高溫促進醣解作用及無氧呼吸反應 66 2. 高溫調節Shikimate、MEP/DOXP pathway及γ-穀維素合成發生 66 二、 高溫下發育穎果之生育醇、生育三烯醇與γ-穀維素之生合成及其含量 67 1. 高溫對不同品種生育醇、生育三烯醇含量之影響不同 67 2. 生育醇、生育三烯醇含量與抗氧化物質之關係 68 3. 不同品種水稻穎果γ-穀維素含量不同,且高溫會使各品種之γ-穀維素含量普遍上升 69 三、 高溫對不同品種穎果之產量與外觀品質性狀影響 70 1. 不同品種水稻穎果在高溫下充實速率與粒重之關係 70 2. 高溫、乾物質累積與白堊質發生之關係 70 3. 高溫下生育醇含量與外觀品質形成之關係 71 4. γ-穀維素與外觀品質形成無直接關係 72 四、 品種、溫度環境與生育醇、生育三烯醇含量相關性 72 1. 在不同溫度發育之水稻穎果內機能性成分含量亦有所不同 72 2. 生育醇、生育三烯醇含量與穎果白堊質呈現負相關,但γ-穀維素則無顯著關係 73 伍、 結論 74 陸、 參考文獻 79 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 充實期遭遇高溫對水稻穎果內生育醇、生育三烯醇、γ-穀維素含量之影響及其與穀粒品質之關係 | zh_TW |
dc.title | High temperature effects on tocopherol, tocotrienol, γ-oryzanol levels and their correlation with rice grain quality during grain filling stage. | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 黃良得(Lean-Teik NG),張素貞(Su-Chen Chang),許志聖(Chin-Sheng Sheu) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 高溫,生育醇,生育三烯醇,γ-穀維素,稻米品質, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | high temperature,tocopherol,tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,rice grain quality, | en |
dc.relation.page | 83 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-08-02 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農藝學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農藝學系 |
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