漱石文学における女性像─藤尾∼美禰子∼三千代─

Abstract

漱石文學中的女性形象 ─《虞美人草》藤尾∼《三四郎》美禰子∼《從那之後》三千代─ 葛亭筠 摘要 以對於現代、西方文明批判與人類在自我和他者間的關係構成及掙扎等問題為核心思想的漱石文學，雖多以男性作為故事主角，但其故事經常是透過男女或夫妻關係，對人類及社會進行探討。因此，乍看之下幾乎是以男性觀點出發的漱石文學當中，女性所佔的位置可說是極其重要。尤其是在明治四十年代，受到近代化及西方文明影響所產生的「新女性」，更經常成為漱石文學中探討的對象。但相對於其重要性，漱石文學中女性的內面及真實想法，卻時常受到敘事者及男性的主觀判斷隱蔽，此一特性也引起許多爭議。然而，故事中關於女性角色的敘述及其存在感，卻不亞於男性角色。因此，在此男性優位的漱石文學之中，是否也能找出不同以往解讀、嶄新的女性形象？正是本論文所探求的目標。 為此，筆者將以漱石文學中女性造型最為鮮明，同時也最具爭議性，《虞美人草》中的藤尾、《三四郎》中的美禰子以及《從那之後》中的三千代等三位女主角為中心進行研究。 經過本論文的考察，能看出女性在男性中心社會中遭遇的問題，以及在其下女性掙扎、試圖找出自我及生存方法的過程。同時也可發現，一直以來，在漱石文學中引起爭議、擁有不同以往舊式女性的自我意識的新女性所呈現的，並非只是受到近代化及西方文明影響的「新潮女性」，而是整體社會在受到該文化變革及衝擊，導致固有制度崩解後，女性也不得不隨之改變的時代現象。

Images of Women in Natsume Soseki’s Literature: on Gubijinsou’s Fujio, Sanshiro’s Mineko, and Sorekara’s Michiyo Ting-Yun Ko Abstract Natsume Soseki’s literature centers on the critique of modern western civilization, the formation of human beings, and one’s struggle between the self and the others. His discussion on human beings and the society are usually embodied by male-female or husband-wife relationship though the protagonists are mainly male. I argue that women characters are extremely important even though Natsume’s stories encompass male viewpoints at the first glance. In particular, the so-called “new women” influenced by modernization and western culture in the Meiji 40s becomes the object of literary studies on Natsume. However, the importance and the inner thoughts of women are ignored because the subjective judgments of the narrator or the men are often in the focus. The imbalance between men and women causes many debates. Actually, the women’s parts and their existence in the stories are no less than men. Different from the men-oriented studies on Natsume’s literature, this thesis aims to explore the new images of women. My thesis focuses on three female protagonists: Gubijinsou’s Fujio, Sanshiro’s Mineko, and Sorekara’s Michiyo. They are the most remarkable and controversial women in Natsume’s literary works. My thesis demonstrates women’s issues in the male-centered society and their struggle for survival and finding the self. My thesis hopes to make it clear that the controversial “new women” who have the new kind of self-awareness in Natsume’s stories not only represent the “fashioned women” influenced by modernization and western culture. Moreover, they represent the phenomenon of the time that when the society is undergoing changes and impacts, women are forced to change after the old social order collapsed.