飼料中添加北蟲草菌絲體培養基對珍珠龍膽成長及血液生化指標之影響

Abstract

本研究主要探討北蟲草菌絲體固態培養米基對珍珠龍膽石斑魚的成長、血液性狀及生化指標的影響。實驗為三部分，第一部分為添加固態培養米基0% 、1.25% 、2.5% 、5% 、7.5% 及10% 的飼料飼養，並觀察各組間魚體的成長及血液指標 (膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、葡萄糖、總蛋白和鹼性磷酸酶) 的差異。第二部分為恢復實驗，沿用第一部分實驗用魚，利用兩種無添加固態培養米基飼料 (碳水化合物：15% 和23% ) 飼養，並觀察各組間成長恢復的情況。第三部分為添加固態培養米基0% 、2.5% 、10% 飼料對已食用無添加固態培養米基馴養六周之珍珠龍膽石斑魚成長及血液生化指標的影響。 實驗一珍珠龍膽石斑魚平均體重為4.79 ± 0.07 g的魚，分為六組。結果顯示實驗六週後，魚體增重率在475% ~ -16% 之間，飼料效率在116% ~ -20% 之間。血液生化指標只採用0% 及1.25% 兩組魚進行操作，分析血容比和血清中膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、葡萄糖、總蛋白含量及鹼性磷酸酶活性，兩組間無顯著性差異。 實驗二為恢復實驗，結果顯示，三週後α飼料組的魚體增重率在56% ~ 131% 之間，飼料效率在108% ~ 146% 之間，β飼料組的魚體增重率在60% ~ 119% 之間，飼料效率在101% ~ 157% 之間。血液生化指標採用原實驗一之0%、1.25% 及2.5% 添加組進行分析，三組間並無顯著性差異。 實驗三使用平均體重33.38 ± 2.54 g的魚，結果顯示，三週後的魚體增重率分別是25%、-1.6% 及 -2.0%，飼料效率分別是95% 、-9.3% 及 -20.3%。過量的北蟲草菌絲體固態培養米基取代會降低魚體的成長、飼料換肉率，對於血液性狀及生化指標則無產生顯著性影響。長期饑餓的魚在餵食對照組 (0%) 飼料後，在成長及飼料效率則有明顯改善。

This study is mainly discussing the effects of the basal diet with Cordyceps militaris rice culture medium on the growth and serum biochemical indices of pearl grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀╳ E. lanceolatus♂). The experiments were parted in to three parts. In experiment I, the rice culture medium was incorporated into the basal diets at 0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, respectively. The composite diets were fed to duplicate of groups of pearl grouper with 4.79 ± 0.07 g in weight twice a day for 42 days, and to determine the growth performance every three weeks, serum biochemical indices (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and hematocrit), and non-specific immunity (the activity of alkaline phosphatase and total protein) at last. In experiment II, the purpose is to understand the effects of the complex diets on the growth recovery, the diet-feed groups in Experiment I were parted in two groups. The first one were fed with 23% carbohydrate composite diets and the other were fed with 15% carbohydrate composite diets to identify the optimal carbohydrate level used for growth recovery. In experiment III, three sets of feed were designed by incorporating the rice culture medium into the basal diets at 0%, 2.5% and 10%, respectively, to feed pearl grouper with 33.38 ± 2.54 g in mean weight for 21 days. The serum biochemical indices and non-specific immunity were elucidated in all of the groups in three experiments. By comparison with the groups in each experiment, the result shows that fish fed with control diet (without rice culture medium) had better performance in percent weight gain, feed efficiency, survival rate, hepatosomatic index and serum biochemical indices, while supplementations at more than 1.25% caused poor growth performance in proportion to the more supplementation of rice culture medium. Supplementation more than 1.25% was not beneficial to non-specific immunity of pearl grouper. The non-supplemented diets were contributive to the growth and metabolism recovery of the starving fish. In sum, the supplementation of Cordyceps militaris rice culture medium in diets for pearl grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀╳ E. lanceolatus♂) is better not to exceed 1.25%.