具多碼頭門越庫區系統之入站與出站貨車暨平行機台作業排程規劃

Abstract

近年來由於供應鏈管理的興起，使得越庫區之相關研究議題日益受到關注，越庫區系統作為供應鏈管理的策略之一，能夠替物流中心帶來有效的管理、成本減少與貨物運送的效率，而越庫區的研究議題相當廣泛，由越庫區的位址選擇、越庫區的設施布置、越庫區的貨車排程到越庫區的內部資源排程問題，而本研究專注於越庫區的貨車排程，研究如何決定入站與出站貨車於越庫區的排程，並考慮內部含有平行機台的拆解作業，此拆解作業能將大包裝的產品拆解成小包裝後出貨。本研究之情境考慮多個平行的碼頭門，讓多輛貨車可以同時進出越庫區作業，且越庫區內擁有一個暫時存放卸貨產品的區域，此區域只能存放有限容量的卸貨產品，而經過越庫區的產品分為不需拆解與需要拆解的，而此些特性會影響到貨車排程的結果，而較佳的貨車排程與機台排程可以增加作業效率，能在短時間內將產品轉移至出站貨車上，使出站貨車能夠在到期時間前出貨。因此在此問題特性下，本研究提出整數規劃模式，目標為最小化最大遲到，並且於小案例時，以所提出數學規劃模式使用最佳化軟體求解並作驗證，當案例較大時，求解空間也呈指數型增加，因此本研究也提出啟發式演算法，並撰寫程式實作此演算法，使得能在大案例時，能以合理的時間找到近似最佳解。本研究之啟發式演算法，應用了專案排程與三階段的平行機台排程之概念，將入站工作、出站工作與機台工作，分別進行適當的排程。 關鍵字：供應鏈管理、貨車排程、平行機台、整數規劃、越庫區排程、啟發式演算法

Recently, more and more of research have focused on the topic of cross-docking systems, since the rise of supply chain management for distribution center. Cross-docking system is one of the techniques for supply chain management that reducing inventory cost and increasing cargos delivery efficiency. A wide range of research topics for the cross-docking, include location of cross-docking terminals, layout of the terminal and truck scheduling. Our research concentrates on the operation about the inbound and outbound trucks scheduling in which determines the arrival and departure times for the trucks. In addition, we consider multiple parallel machines that can decompose cargos to small package in system. With the multiple loading and unloading dock doors more than one trucks can simultaneously enter the cross docking system to load or unload cargos. There is a limited capacity space for storing the unloaded products temporarily. The objective is to minimize maximum lateness. A well-planed truck scheduling will increase the efficiency of the cross-docking system, and the outbound trucks can deliver products before due date. For the problem, we construct an integer programming model. We propose a heuristic algorithm to solve a large size problem instance. According to the numerical results our heuristic algorithm can indeed get good solutions in reasonable time. Keywords: supply chain management, parallel machine, cross docking system, truck scheduling, mixed integer programming