影響單親家庭使用非正式支持或正式支持的因素之探討

Abstract

隨著工業化、都市發展以來，社會變遷速度越來越快，家庭結構也跟著改變。以單親家庭來說，少了另一伴的經濟支持、多了一份照顧孩子責任，背負著比雙薪家庭更為沉重的壓力。為了因應單親家庭的生活困境，各國發展不同的單親家庭政策和福利服務，我國亦有特殊境遇家庭扶助條例，然而，單親家庭使用的比率不高。另外，實務經驗指出非正式支持對單親家庭而言是最為熟悉的求助來源，等到非正式支持無法繼續提供協助時，才可能轉向使用正式支持。因此，本研究之目的：(一)了解單親家庭使用社會支持狀況；(二)使用正式支持和非正式支持的影響因素。 本研究採用中華民國99年單親家庭狀況調查的資料，對現有的資料進行分析，以Andersen的健康服務使用行為模型（The behavioral model of health service use）嘗試了解影響單親家庭使用社會支持因素，使用區別分析和邏輯斯蒂迴歸分析進行檢測。本研究結果：1經濟困擾程度越高和資源認知越高時，單親家庭使用社會支持類型會不同。2相對使用非正式支持，女性，教育程度越低，離婚成因，以及資源認知越高的單親家庭，其使用正式支持的可能性就越大。 依據研究發現，本研究建議：推廣福利服務資源資訊，使資源具有可近性（accessibility）與可得性（acceptability），對單親家庭周遭親友發生催化效果，期待傳遞訊息和遊說鼓勵去使用福利服務；建立非正式支持網絡，以專業轉介系統（lay-referral system）方式，讓非正式網絡去連結到正式支持網絡，讓單親家庭有更多選擇協助來源；正式支持之就業福利，整合不同收入來源並提供安全的經濟基礎，以支持經濟弱勢的單親家庭，像是薪資所得稅特別減免（Earned Income Tax Credit）。

With the effect of industrialization and urban development, the speed of social change becomes faster and faster which also result in the transformation of family structure. Take single parent families for examples, having lost a half of financial support and gaining double responsibility for taking care of the children, single parent families have a heavier burden than double income families. To cope with the difficulties of single parent families face in life, different countries have developed different kinds of policies and social welfare services. Taiwan also had enacted the Act of Assistance for Family in Hardship, yet not many single parent families sought for help after the Act was passed. In addition, according to practical experiences, informal support has become the most familiar source of aid/for help. If informal support could not provide sufficient aid, then they will likely turn to formal support for help. Therefore, the purpose of this study: first, to understand the state of single parent families using social support; second, to find out the factors that affect formal and informal support. This study uses the Andersen’s behavioral model of health service use to analyze the current data from the 2010 Republic of China Single Parent Families Survey Data. The data could help us understand what affect single parent families when using the social support. The data is tested by using discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis. This study shows: first, with higher degree of financial difficulties or acknowledge of resources information, the social support single parent families use will be different; second, females, people with lower education, single parent families formed by divorce and people who know more of resources information, tend to use formal social support than informal ones. According to the research findings, the author suggests that: first, in order to increase the accessibility and acceptability of resources for single parent families, government needs to promote welfare service information to prompt relatives and friends around them to deliver messages or persuade and encourage them to use the welfare services; second, by using lay-referral system to establish informal supporting networks, linking informal networks with formal ones, so that single parent families could have more social support sources to choose from. Finally, government needs to set up a formal support for employment welfare policies to integrate different sources of income and to provide a secure economic base, which could support financial disadvantaged single parent families, for instance the earned income tax credit policy.