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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 陳佩貞 | |
dc.contributor.author | Chun-Wei Chiang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 江峻蔚 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T10:28:59Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-08-27 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-08-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-08-15 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/60759 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 奈米二氧化鉛 (nPbO2(s)) 為加氯消毒之自來水系統中新發現的鉛管腐蝕產物,能由鉛管內壁直接脫落或溶解釋出可溶性鉛離子 (Pb2+(aq)) 而提高自來水中的鉛含量。研究指出鉛為有毒金屬及人類可能致癌物,長期攝取 Pb2+(aq) 會導致許多慢性疾病,其毒性機制多元而複雜,然而 nPbO2(s) 的生物毒性及對人體健康與生態安全的衝擊目前為止一無所知。本研究藉由粒徑分析及沉降試驗探討 nPbO2(s) 在水溶液隨時間的聚集沉降行為,並分析 nPbO2(s) 在不同水中基質 (如可溶性有機質,DOM) 存在下的顆粒行為及溶解性變化,藉此探討 nPbO2(s) 在水域生態中之宿命及生物有效性等議題。本研究亦利用日本青鱂魚 (Oryzias latipes) 幼魚為模式生物,評估 nPbO2(s) (0.25-25 mg/L) 及 Pb2+(aq) (0.25-2.0 mg/L) 對生物之毒性效應。研究結果顯示,相較於胚胎培養液 (ERM,高離子強度) 或去氯自來水 (TW,低離子強度) 溶液,nPbO2(s) 在去離子水 (DI) 中的團粒較為分散 (~100 nm) 及顆粒懸浮性較佳;添加腐植酸 (HA, 0.4 mg/L) 於 ERM 或 TW 溶液中則可有效地懸浮 nPbO2(s) ,表示影響 nPbO2(s) 聚集沉降行為與水中離子強度或 DOM 含量高低有關,但添加 HA 也會造成 nPbO2(s) 還原溶解釋放出 Pb2+(aq)。在生物有效性的測定中,nPbO2(s) 在以 ERM 為基質液時之生物有效性較高;添加 HA (0.4-0.5 mg/L) 於 ERM 或 TW 溶液中皆會降低 nPbO2(s) 對青鱂魚的生物有效性,這表示 HA 能有效懸浮 nPbO2(s) ,防止其聚集沉降於燒杯底部,因而使有啄食行為的青鱂魚攝取較少的 nPbO2(s)。毒性效應 (7 日暴露實驗) 的結果顯示, Pb2+(aq) (LC50 =0.323 mg/L) 對幼魚的急毒性大於 nPbO2(s) (LC50 > 25 mg/L)。暴露 nPbO2(s) 7天及14天皆會提高魚體內超氧歧化酶 (SOD) 活性及抑制過氧化氫酶 (CAT) 活性,而暴露 Pb2+(aq) 7天則會抑制 CAT 的活性,並造成體內 H2O2 含量上升,這表示 nPbO2(s) 或 Pb2+(aq) 會干擾生物抗氧化酵素系統的恆定。此外,經過 14 天的 nPbO2(s) 或 Pb2+(aq) 暴露皆會抑制青鱂魚幼魚乙醯膽鹼酯酶 (AChE) 的活性,顯示 nPbO2(s) 可能與 Pb2+(aq) 同樣具有神經毒性,詳細的作用機制仍待後續研究進一步探討。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Lead dioxide (nPbO2(s)), a nano-sized corrosion product newly identified in the water distribution systems, is formed via the chlorination of lead-containing plumbing materials. It can be detached as particulates or reduced to soluble lead to contaminate drinking water. Because of the historical use of lead pipes and chlorination worldwide, the generation of nPbO2(s) in the water distribution system poses a risk of lead exposure to human or aquatic life if it is discharged to aquatic environments. The environmental fate and toxicity of nPbO2(s) in the aquatic system, however, remain unclear at present. The objectives of this study are to investigate nPbO2(s) dynamic behaviors under different medium solution and assess bioavailability and causal toxicity of nPbO2(s) and lead ions (Pb2+(aq)) in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). The larvae of medaka were treated with solutions containing nPbO2(s) at 0.25-25 mg/L or Pb2+(aq) at 0.25-2.0 mg/L (Pb equivalent concentrations) for a 7 or 14-day aqueous exposure. The results have shown that nPbO2(s) was more dispersed (~100 nm) and suspended in DI water than in embryo rearing medium (ERM) or dechloronated tapwater water (TW), while adding humic acid (HA, 0.4-0.5 mg/L) in the ERM or TW could effectively suspend nPbO2(s), indicating that ionic strength and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were the factors related to the aggregation and sedimentation of nPbO2(s). Humic acid also accelerated nPbO2(s) to release Pb2+(aq). In the bioavailability assay, higher bioavailability of nPbO2(s) to medaka larvae in ERM was due to the more uptake of aggregate nPbO2(s) by food-pecking behaviors, and it was less bioavailable in solutions that have higher humic acid and better suspension. Through 7-day acute toxicity test, Pb2+(aq) (LC50= 0.323 mg/L) is more acutely toxic to medaka larvae than nPbO2(s) (LC50 > 25 mg/L). Besides, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) were altered in larvae treated with nPbO2(s) (>5 mg/L) after 7-day and 14-day exposure. Pb2+(aq) also inhibited CAT activity and decreased O2- and OH-, but increased H2O2 content. Our results indicated nPbO2(s) or Pb2+(aq) could disturb the biological antioxidant enzyme system and may cause the accumulation of H2O2. In addition, exposures to nPbO2(s) or Pb2+(aq) showed that the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was decreased in medaka larvae, which meant nPbO2(s) may be as neurotoxic as Pb2+(aq). However, the detailed toxic mechanism of nPbO2(s) needs further investigation. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T10:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-102-R00623016-1.pdf: 4566259 bytes, checksum: 22e4b2bb2c6786b151fd77ea59a9450f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
誌謝 I 縮寫對照表 II 摘要 IV Abstract VI 目錄 VIII 圖目錄 XI 表目錄 XII 一、前言及研究動機 1 二、文獻回顧 2 2.1 奈米二氧化鉛 (nPbO2(s)) 的形成機制 2 2.2 美國華盛頓地區之自來水鉛汙染案例 4 2.3 Pb2+(aq) 的生物毒性 5 2.4 nPbO2(s) 進入環境中的可能途徑及在環境中的行為與宿命 5 2.5 奈米顆粒之生物有效性及生物毒性相關研究之回顧 7 2.5.1 奈米顆粒之生物有效性 7 2.5.2 奈米顆粒之生物毒性 8 2.5.2.1 NPs在細胞層次之毒性作用機制 8 2.5.2.2 NPs對水生生物之毒性效應 11 2.5.2.3 NPs及金屬離子間毒性效應的差異 12 2.6 模式生物 14 2.7 研究目的 15 三、材料與方法 16 3.1 研究架構及說明 16 3.2 實驗材料 18 3.2.1 化學藥品與試劑 18 3.2.2 儀器設備 19 3.3 奈米材料的定性分析 20 3.3.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 觀測 20 3.3.2 奈米粒徑測定 20 3.3.3 界達電位 (Zeta potential) 測定 21 3.4 模式生物飼養條件 22 3.5 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 在不同水溶液之生物有效性試驗 23 3.5.1 暴露溶液之水質參數測量 23 3.5.2 nPbO2(s) 在水溶液下之行為探討 23 3.5.2.1 nPbO2(s) 顆粒的聚集行為 23 3.5.2.2 沉降試驗 23 3.5.2.3 nPbO2(s) 在暴露溶液中之物種變化 24 3.5.3 生物有效性試驗方法 27 3.5.3.1 暴露實驗設計及暴露溶液配製方法 27 3.5.3.2 幼魚體內鉛濃度測定 27 3.6 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 對青鱂魚幼魚之毒性試驗 29 3.6.1 暴露期間水質指標測量 29 3.6.2 暴露濃度確認 29 3.6.3急毒性試驗 29 3.6.4 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 對青鱂魚幼魚之氧化壓力及傷害試驗 30 3.6.4.1 魚體樣本均質 (homogenized) 及蛋白質濃度定量 30 3.6.4.2 幼魚體內之活性氧物種分析 32 3.6.4.3 魚體抗氧化酵素活性分析 34 3.6.4.4 氧化傷害指標 (MDA) 測定 35 3.6.5 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 對青鱂魚幼魚之神經毒性 35 3.7 統計分析 36 四、結果與討論 37 4.1 nPbO2(s) 顆粒特性分析結果 37 4.2 nPbO2(s) 於不同基質暴露溶液中之生物有效性結果 41 4.2.1 暴露溶液之水質分析結果 41 4.2.2 nPbO2(s) 顆粒於暴露溶液中動力變化行為結果 42 4.2.2.1 nPbO2(s) 之粒徑大小變化 42 4.2.2.2 nPbO2(s) 之沉降情形 44 4.2.3 nPbO2(s) 於不同基質暴露液中之鉛物種變化結果 46 4.2.4 魚體內鉛濃度含量測定 (生物有效性結果) 48 4.3急毒性試驗結果 52 4.4 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 對青鱂魚幼魚的氧化壓力/傷害結果 54 4.5 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 對青鱂魚幼魚之神經毒性結果 71 五、結論 73 六、參考文獻 74 圖目錄 圖2.1 鉛管腐蝕產物 nPbO2(s) 的形成機制 3 圖2.2 受腐蝕之鉛管縱切剖面圖 3 圖2.3 NPs產生ROS並對生物體造成氧化相關的毒性傷害 10 圖3.1 暴露溶液中沉降性及溶解度變化分析示意圖 27 圖4.1 以SEM掃描 nPbO2(s) 之電顯圖 38 圖4.2 以DLS分析 nPbO2(s) 之粒徑分布圖 38 圖4.3 nPbO2(s) 在不同基質溶液之界達電位 39 圖4.4 nPbO2(s) 在不同暴露溶液隨時間之粒徑變化情形 43 圖4.5 暴露溶液中 nPbO2(s) 顆粒之沉降試驗結果 45 圖4.6 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 在 ERM 及TW中生物有效性結果 49 圖4.7 添加 HA 或增加離子強度對 nPbO2(s) 生物有效性之影響 50 圖4.8 Pb2+(aq) 與 nPbO2(s) 急毒性暴露試驗結果 53 圖4.9 1st青鱂魚幼魚暴露 nPbO2(s)及 Pb2+(aq) (0.10-0.25 mg/L) 實驗結果 56 圖4.10 2nd青鱂魚幼魚暴露 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 實驗 (7天) (a) ROS (b) SOD (c) CAT (d) MDA 59 圖4.11 2nd青鱂魚幼魚暴露 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 實驗結果 (14天) (a) ROS (b) SOD (c) CAT (d) MDA 62 圖4.12 3rd青鱂魚幼魚暴露 Pb2+(aq) 實驗結果 (a) ROS (b) SOD (c) CAT (d) O2- (e) H2O2 (f) OH- (g) MDA 67 圖4.13 青鱂魚幼魚暴露 nPbO2(s) 及 Pb2+(aq) 後 AChE 活性分析結果 (a) 7天 (b) 14天的結果 72 表目錄 表3.1 胚胎培養液 (ERM, 1X) 配製方法 23 表3.2 分解加熱的溫度與時間控制 29 表4.1 不同基質液特性分析 41 表4.2 nPbO2(s) 於 24 小時之沉降性及溶解性變化 47 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 自來水配水管材釋出之奈米二氧化鉛對青鱂魚的生物有效性及毒性效應評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Bioavailability and Toxicity Assessments of Lead Dioxide Nanoparticles From Drinking Water Distribution System in Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 洪傳揚,王尚禮,林逸彬,陳德豪 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 奈米二氧化鉛,青鱂,魚,生物有效性,急毒性試驗,抗氧化酵素活性分析,活性氧物種含量分析,神經毒性, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | nanoscale lead dioxide (nPbO2(s)),medaka (Oryzias Latipes),bioavailability,acute toxicity test,antioxidant enzymes activity,reactive oxygen species,neurotoxicity, | en |
dc.relation.page | 79 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-08-15 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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