社區林業計畫知識擴散之探討

Abstract

本研究以羅東林管處申請社區林業計畫的個案為對象，透過環域分析及社會網絡分析探討社區取得相關知識之途徑及影響知識擴散的重要行動者。結果發現，社區取得的知識多半來自鄰近已申請過該計畫之社區組織，也有來自工作站與NGO團體的知識；重要行動者方面，個人層次有工作站成員、無尾港文教促進會、更新社區、朝陽社區及林美社區之核心成員。組織層次有羅東林管處、工作站A、南興社區、朝陽社區等。此外，羅東林管處連結最多社區組織，其次為仰山文教基金會。如將北北基地區和宜蘭的網絡分開，則北北基各項網絡中心性高者皆為工作站A及台灣油杉社區，宜蘭網絡以羅東林管處、南興社區、朝陽社區等組織數值較高。 網絡中行動者的屬性主要以男性為主，年齡多集中在51至60歲之間，多數人的角色是一般會務幹部，但中心性高者多為參與決策之角色。社區組織內部關係組成以朋友和鄰居為主，對外則以公務關係佔多數；互動媒介不管在社區組織內部或對外皆以面對面為主。此媒介受距離影響，經計算網絡的空間距離，結果顯示社區與其互動對象的平均距離低於整體網絡的平均距離，顯示出社區較常與鄰近單位討論社區林業。但中心性高的行動者，其互動距離大於平均，顯示其互動範圍較廣。 關於中心性高者的特質，政府機關具符合社區需求之政策，願意與社區互動；社區組織則較活躍，有多年執行經驗，執行狀況良好且知識來源多元；NGO團體多從事社造相關活動，與許多社區互動頻繁，熟知政府的計畫及社區需求。這些特質有助於社區林業知識的擴散。

This study applies buffer analysis and social network analysis on those cases applying community forestry projects in the Luodong Forestry District Office, in order to explore ways for these communities to collect relevant knowledge and actors to affect knowledge diffusion. The results show that most of the communities get knowledge from neighboring ones which have applied for community forestry projects, work stations and NGOs. About the important actors, key officers of work stations, Wu-Wei River Cultural & Educational Association, Geng-Sin community, Jhao-Yang community, and Lin-Mei community have high centralities in individual level, while the Luodong Forestry District Office, work station A, Nan-Sing community and Jhao-Yang community have higher centralities in organizational level. In addition, both Luodong Forestry District Office and Youngsun Culture and Education Foundation has most interactions with communities. The work station A and Taiwan Cow-tail Fir community have high centralities in Taipei and Keelung area, New Taipei City, and Keelung City while Luodong Forestry District Office, Nan-Sing community and Jhao-Yang community have high centralities in Yilang, as we analyzed the network by region respectively, . For those of actors in network identified by this study, they are male mainly, of ages from fifty-one to sixty. Most of them get involved in community affairs, ones of high centrality do in decision-making. There mainly are friends and neighbors within community organizations while business being the major external connections of them. As for interactive media, both internal and external of community organizations adopt the face-to-face way affected by distance. Calculating the distances of networks, it shows that the distance between communities and their interactive objects is shorter than the average distance of the whole network, i.e., communities tend to interact with closer objects. The results also reveal a wider range for actors with high centralities. Regarding the characteristics of those with high centrality, which may contribute to diffusion of community forestry knowledge, the government agencies are keen to promote and disperse knowledge, and to interact with communities based on their responsibility; community organization are energetic, of experiences and with knowledge of multiple sources; NGOs mainly get involved in community empowerment activities, interact with communities frequently, are familiar with governmental policies and local demands. 【keywords】knowledge diffusion, spatial diffusion, buffer analysis, social network analysis, centrality