台灣國防自主政策之政治經濟分析 -以軍用航空工業發展為例

Abstract

隨著東西冷戰結束、前蘇聯解體、華沙公約瓦解，及全球化的風潮，嚴重衝擊國際政治與經濟環境，各國的國家安全相對面臨挑戰，在軍備需求上採「國防自主」政策，成為世界潮流。因應國際環境丕變，與國家安全需要，我國國防法已明訂裝備獲得以自製優先，以降低外部影響，滿足防衛作戰需求，並促進經濟繁榮。 本研究運用政治與經濟整合的概念，從台灣實存的歷史脈絡中，瞭解「軍用航空工業發展」政策制訂過程、戰機研製成果，與全球化趨勢下國防自主的困境，並藉由日、韓兩國戰機與外國合作生產及自力研發的經驗，及已具有的尖端科技能力，跳脫舊有組織窠臼、透過共同開發、技術移轉等，重建現階段我國「軍用航空工業」自力發展能量。 整體而言，「國防自主」需要政府的支援、國人的支持，與民間相關企業的配合，發揮有限國防資源效益，調整研發策略及經營模式，以整建堅實戰力，確保國家安全，帶動整體經濟發展，提升國家國際社會地位。

Due to the end of the Cold War, the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the Collapse of the Warsaw Pact, and the trend of globalization, the international political and economic environment has been severely impacted upon. All nation’s security has been relatively challenged. Adopting the policy of “National Defense Independence, NDI ” on armaments acquirement has become a global fashion. In respond to the radically changing international situation and requirement of national security, Taiwan’s National Defense act has clearly provided out that armament must prioritize domestic production. All and all is to reduce external influences, satisfy operation’s need, and promote economic prosperity. This study utilizes the integrated concept of political and economic. Through the existing historical context of Taiwan, explore the policy making process of “Military Aerospace Industrial Development”, the R&D achievements of jet fighters, and the dilemma of autonomous national defense in globalization trend. Besides, by means of both Japan and Korean’s self-production and co-production experience with other countries of fighters, existing capabilities of cutting-edge technology, getting away the conventional organization mindset, via co-development and tech-transfer, to reconstruct Taiwan’s independence industrial capability in military aerospace industry for current stage. Overall, “National Defense Independence” needs to be backed by nation and people’s support. It also requires the cooperation of private industries, effective utilization of limited defense resources, and proper justification of R&D strategy and security, take the lead in general economic development, and promote Taiwan’s position in international community.