多種空調系統於人工光型植物工廠之使用分析

Abstract

完全人工光型植物工廠內進行植物栽培不會受到天候的影響，然而，其較高的能源消耗是植物工廠目前未普及全球的主因之一。本研究旨在量化植物工廠內的總能源消耗與節水效益，找出影響能源消耗的各項因素進而進行分析，促使運轉成本透明化。 本研究定義燈管與空調耗能的比為能源消耗比 (Power Consumption Ratio，PCR)，使用PCR來量化植物工廠內的能源使用效率並由整年之運作數據求出各PCR值，再分別探討變頻與非變頻空調在不同燈光能耗與不同室外溫度時，全天、日間與夜間的空調能耗差異，進而分析室內外溫度差對PCR之影響。由裝設相同燈光與空調設備的植物工廠之PCR比較可看出其隔熱的良好與否，藉由PCR也可以計算出不同系統下之能源耗電差異。 一般而言，變頻冷氣栽培室之能源消耗比值會明顯較高，換言之，空調耗電較少。非變頻冷氣栽培室之PCR較為穩定 (R2 = 0.758~0.942)，而熱泵系統栽培室之PCR於室外溫度10至30℃區間，其平均值幾乎保持在一定範圍內 (PCR變動小於0.5)。在相同燈光用電的條件下，冷凝水收集量以變頻空調冷氣栽培室較熱泵系統栽培室大，栽培室內的濕度也是後者較高，這與兩者的工作流體分別為冷媒與冰水有關。建置植物工廠時，於熱帶地區使用熱泵系統，於其它地區使用變頻空調系統可有較佳的空調利用效率。

Vegetables which grow in Plant factory with only artificial light won’t be affected by the weather; however, the high energy cost of it is one of the main reason why the plant factory doesn’t widespread around the world. Our research quantifies the total energy cost and benefit of saving water. We want to promote transparency in operating cost through analyzing various factors which affect the energy cost. This paper defines the ratio of tubes cost (kWh) and air conditioning cost (kWh) as PCR (Power Consumption Ratio). We use the whole year data to calculate the PCR, and then use PCR to qualify the energy efficiency in plant factory. After that, we investigate the air conditioning cost at whole day, morning, and night on various air conditioning systems, and then analyze the relation between indoor/outdoor temperature and PCR. We can know which plant factory has the better insulation at the same light and air conditioning equipment by the analysis of PCR; furthermore, the different of energy cost can also get from the PCR. In general, the PCR of inverter air conditioning is higher than non-inverter air conditioner, it means the cost of inverter air conditioner is lower than the non-inverter’s, which has stable PCR (R2 = 0.758~0.942). The PCR of heat pump system changes little (<0.5) within temperature of 10~30℃. The amount of condensated water in cultivation chamber which equips inverter air conditioner is much more than non-inverter’s cultivation chamber, and the humidity state is on the contrary, which causing by the different working fluids. The plant factory equips heat pump system in tropical regions and equips inverter air conditioning system in other regions will have high using efficiency of air conditioning.