工業區有害空氣污染物之排放與健康風險成本效益評估‐以新北市為例

Abstract

有害空氣污染物(Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs)對人體健康及環境的衝擊和危害，在歐美等先進國家，均開始訂定整體性之有害空氣污染物管制策略，除積極推動各項管制規範，掌握有害空氣污染物之排放現況，進而落實減量工作，而國內目前在對於污染源有害空氣污染物之排放現況上，仍無法將資料有效整合於同一資訊平台上，以提供後續之研究及探討應用。 本研究希望透過彙整有害空氣污染物國內外管制情形、污染評估案例及工具，以及風險評估研究等，做為未來研究之參考，並收集整理國內污染源之有害空氣污染物排放量相關資料，進而評估影響範圍民眾長期暴露有害空氣污染物所受可能危害風險，並針對風險進行社會成本效益評估。 本研究所使用之資料庫主要為TEDS(Taiwan Emission Data System)、FIRE(Factor Information Retrieval Data System)、固定污染源空污申報系統及毒化物申報系統等，而評估工具則有GIS(Geographic Information System)、AERMOD等軟體，以健康風險評估方法計算出致癌及非致癌風險，最後使用微量風險願意交換價值(willingness to swap of a microrisk,WTS(μγ))作為經濟價值評估的方法，並進而探討環境正義之問題。

Impact of Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs, to human health and environment is enormous. Policy for control Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs, has started been legislated in U.S.A. and European countries. To lower the quantity of HAPs, they actively push for all kinds of control guideline and monitor HAPs emission status. However, in Taiwan, the information for HAPs emission status hasn’t been effectively integrated on a common information platform to future study and application. The goal of this research is to consolidate information for future study and application. The ranges of this study are HAPs emission status, pollution evaluation cases study and tools, risk assessment study from Taiwan and other countries. Also, this research consolidates the emission quantity for HAPs pollution source to evaluate the impact that people who have long term exposure to HAPs, and to conduct the social cost and benefit analysis. The database mainly are from TEDS (Taiwan Emission Data System)、FIRE (Factor Information Retrieval Data System), Solid Pollution Air Pollution Reporting System, Hazardous Pollutant Reporting system etc. Assessment software tools are GIS (Geographic Information System) and AERMOD. Health rick evaluation method is adopted to calculate the risk for causing cancer. Willingness to Swap of a Microrisk, WTS (μγ) is used for economic evaluation method and to further talk about environment justice.