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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 楊景程(Chin-Cheng Yang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Yu-Fang Tseng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 曾鈺芳 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T10:14:10Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-08-20 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-08-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-08-19 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/60245 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 入侵紅火蟻 (red imported fire ant, RIFA; Solenopsis invicta) 於 2003 年首次在台灣發現,並快速於北台灣擴散,相關單位立即投入大量資源展開滅絕計畫 (eradication program),但可能因經費、氣候或地形複雜等因素導致成效未如預期,顯示防治計畫急需調整,根據美國農部 (United States Department of Agriculture) 提出之區域整合防治 (area-wide control) 概念,將藥劑結合生物防治能有效降低火蟻族群並防止再入侵的發生,有鑑於台灣火蟻族群之原生天敵有限,本研究即針對台灣特有之土棲性蟲生線蟲異小桿線蟲 (Heterorhabditis bravicaudis) 之腸道內共生菌-光桿菌 (Photorhabdus luminescens) 進行防治潛力評估。試驗結果發現,餵食光桿菌培養液混拌糖水或是菌體混拌糖水製成之液狀餌劑,皆會導致火蟻成蟲死亡,但無法在餵食菌體混伴糖水組別中之職蟻體內回分到光桿菌存在。餵食光桿菌培養液之幼蟲則會呈現皺縮、變色或是軟爛,平均約 5 天後死亡;培養液餵食職蟻試驗死亡率於第 10 天內可達 94.7%;小型蟻巢試驗中 10 天死亡率則高達 98.9%,並發現光桿菌的殺蟲物質可經由交哺作用 (trophallaxis) 造成巢內幼蟲死亡。利用半薄切片 (semi-thin section) 針對餵食培養液幼蟲體內結構進行細部病理檢視,發現死亡幼蟲之腸道破碎,推測可能與光桿菌培養液中之二次代謝物中 (例如 Makes Caterpillars Floppy Toxins, Mcf) 引起的細胞凋亡 (apoptosis) 有關。綜觀本研究結果,光桿菌菌體雖無法於蟻巢個體間傳播,不利於生物防治施用,但光桿菌分泌之多種二次代謝產物及殺蟲蛋白,可藉由交哺廣佈至蟻巢中其他職蟻、幼蟲甚至蟻后,弱化或是殺死火蟻巢。未來研究可針對特定代謝物或是殺蟲蛋白進行純化分離,發展新型殺蟲藥劑,降低化學藥劑成本或是配合其他微生物天敵共同施用,讓台灣火蟻防治策略更加完整且能更靈活運用。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) was introduced into Taiwan in 2003 and spread rapidly across the northern Taiwan since introduction. To minimize negative impacts by fire ants, large-scale eradication program with intense bait broadcast was immediately carried out by multiple government agencies. It seems, however, the infested area continues expanding with the presence of numerous sporadic sites of fire ants outside the core infestation. Such situation can be considered as an endless dilemma of fire ant control and attributes to re-colonization by fire ants into bait-treated area from surrounding populations. Along with reducing budget recently, the eradication program therefore is no longer a feasible option, and long-term containment then appears to be a new management perspective. It has been suggested that area-wide suppression of fire ants is even more promising if toxic baits are teamed up with self-sustaining biological control agents, thus indicating that employment of biocontrol agents as supplement for bait treatment may hold the key for successful containment of fire ants in Taiwan. Paucity of natural enemies therefore leads to the present study where Photorhabdus luminescens (Taiwan isolate), a symbiotic bacterium harbored by a soil-born entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bravicaudis, and its potential were evaluated as a microbial control agent. Failure to re-culture the bacterium from cadavers of workers fed with non-filtered bacteria broth suggests bacterium-derived secondary metabolites as possible causes for such mortality. The average mortality reaches 94.66% in 10 days as workers are fed with liquid bait with bacterially filtered broth, while 98.94% for treated small colony fragments. Larvae in small colony fragments fed with filtered bacterial broth possess shriveled body and were found dead in few days after treatment, suggesting that they may receive secondary metabolites from nestmate through trophalallaxis, which is critical for controlling social insects. Semi-thin section reveals that most of internal tissue structure of brood cadaver is tattered or smashed, which possibly results from apoptosis induced by bacterium toxin (e.g., Makes Caterpillars Floppy Toxins, Mcf). Overall speaking, the present study shows that the secondary metabolites form P. luminescens are effective in controlling fire ant and are favored over bacterium itself in term of pathogen transmission simply because the digestive tract of ant workers are too narrow to take bacterium in. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites form P. luminescens may represent a new class of pesticides, and future studies should focus on its flexibility and compatibility with other pathogens or with conventional management approaches of fire ants . | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
口試委員審定書 I 致謝 III 中文摘要 IV ABSTRACT V 目錄 1 壹、前言 4 貳、前人研究 7 一、入侵紅火蟻簡介 7 (一) 分類地位與歷史 7 (二) 生活史 8 (三) 危害 8 (四) 目前主要防治方式 9 二、光桿菌簡介 9 (一) 分類地位與生活史 9 (二) 二次代謝物 10 (三) 目前應用與研究 11 參、材料方法 12 入侵紅火蟻採集、飼養及社會型檢測 12 (一) 入侵紅火蟻採集 12 (二) 入侵紅火蟻飼養 12 (三) DNA 萃取 12 (四) 社會型檢測 12 (五) 瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分析 13 病毒檢測 13 (一) RNA 萃取 13 (二) cDNA 合成 14 (三) 檢測 SINV-1 14 (四) 檢測 SINV-2 14 (五) 檢測 SINV-3 15 (六) 內對照組 15 (七) 瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分析 15 光桿菌分離與培養 15 (一) 光桿菌培養液備製 16 (二) 光桿菌培養液加熱 16 (三) 大腸桿菌 Escherichia coli培養液備製 16 (四) 光桿菌蛋白質濃度檢測 17 (五) 蛋白質電泳分析 17 (六) 人工餵食試驗 17 (七) 職蟻餵食試驗 18 (八) 小型蟻巢餵食試驗 18 (九) 幼蟲餵食試驗 18 水平傳染途徑 19 鏡檢罹病組織 19 (一) 固定 19 (二) 脫水 19 (三) 滲入樹脂 19 (四) 包埋 20 (五) 切片 20 肆、結果 21 火蟻採樣與病毒檢測 21 光桿菌培養液蛋白質濃度檢測 21 小型蟻巢餵食試驗 22 幼蟲餵食試驗 22 伍、討論 23 受試蟻巢選定 23 光桿菌培養液餵食 23 光桿菌發酵液作用機制 25 使用光桿菌之優勢 27 陸、參考文獻 28 柒、表 I 表一、職蟻餵食試驗累積死亡率 (%)。 i 表二、小型蟻巢餵食試驗累積死亡率 (%)。 ii 表三、職蟻餵食 LB 培養液累積死亡率 (%) iii 表四、職蟻餵食加熱之光桿菌培養液死亡率(%) iv 表五、職蟻餵食大腸桿菌無菌培養液死亡率 (%) v 捌、圖 I 圖一、利用 PCR 檢測入侵紅火蟻社會型電泳分析結果 i 圖二、利用RT-PCR 檢測火蟻病毒 SINV-1 電泳分析結果 ii 圖三、牛血清蛋白標準曲線 iii 圖四、光桿菌培養液 1 ~ 7 天蛋白質濃度 iv 圖五、光桿菌培養液 1~7 日十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳 (SDS-PAGE) 分子量小於 72 kD 結果。 v 圖六、光桿菌培養液 1~7 日十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳 (SDS-PAGE) 分子量大於 72 kD 結果 vi 圖七、職蟻餵食試驗對照組死亡個體 vii 圖八、職蟻餵食試驗實驗組死亡個體宏觀病徵 viii 圖九、職蟻餵食試驗實驗組死亡個體細部病徵 ix 圖十、光桿菌發酵液職蟻餵食實驗結果 x 圖十一、餵食 LB 培養基、加熱之光桿菌培養液、大腸桿菌培養液以及對照組死亡個體病徵。 xi 圖十二、餵食 LB 培養液之實驗結果。 xii 圖十三、餵食加熱過之光桿菌培養液之實驗結果。 xiii 圖十四、餵食大腸桿菌培養液之實驗結果。 xiv 圖十五、小規模蟻巢餵食試驗對照組幼蟲 xv 圖十六、小規模蟻巢餵食實驗組幼蟲 xvi 圖十七、小型蟻巢餵食試驗死亡率 xvii 圖十八、幼蟲餵食試驗。將光桿菌混在糖水中餵食幼蟲 xviii 圖十九、幼蟲人工接種光桿菌病徵 xix 圖二十、人工感染火蟻幼蟲中腸上皮細胞之組織切片結構 xx | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 評估本土分離光桿菌防治入侵紅火蟻之潛力 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evaluation and Photorhabdus luminescens (Taiwan isolate) as a potential agent against invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.coadvisor | 張雅君(Ya-Chun Chang) | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 石正人(Chen-Jen Shih),謝奉家(Feng-Chia Hsieh),黃榮南(Rong-Nan Huang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 入侵紅火蟻,光桿菌,整合防治, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | IPM,red imported fire ant,Photorhabdus luminescens, | en |
dc.relation.page | 58 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-08-19 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物醫學碩士學位學程 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 植物醫學碩士學位學程 |
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