P2P 網貸平台信用風險管理架構之研究

Abstract

P2P(Peer to Peer)網路借貸平台自Zopa崛起後已歷經十一年，P2P網貸市場在英、美、中國蓬勃發展，大放異彩。在發展過程中也經歷監管、法規、風控機制的蛻變，許多平台也調整了運行的商業模式。 台灣的P2P網貸平台自2016年開始萌芽，至今還處於監管不明、徵信支持薄弱的階段，不過參考其他國家的發展過程及做法，我們可以協助初始萌芽的P2P網貸產業關注風險管理機制的建立及完善，以便協助這個產業可以平穩的發展。 本研究先縱觀英美中國的P2P網貸平台發展過程及其風控機制，再進一步比較P2P網貸平台與傳統銀行在反欺詐、信用評分、貸後管理等環節的異同；發現P2P網貸平台由於先天上科技的傾向，平台能較快速且彈性的運用大數據技術，而得以獲取多元化徵信資料並進行累積分析，隨著資料的累積，運用「知識圖譜」的技術得以讓P2P網貸平台能進行對客戶行為的預測。 本研究進一步以目前台灣市場上的「LendBand蘊奇線上」進行個案分析，就其團隊背景、風控機制、未來系統規劃進行了解與剖析，以了解台灣P2P網貸產業在風險控管上尚待加強的環節。 最後結論建議，提出三點建議，包括「徵信機構的支持」、「資金交由銀行信託託管」以及「保險機制的介入」，希望透過穩健的風控管理，可以協助台灣P2P網貸產業健康成長。 Fintech金融科技的發展將帶給金融產業脫胎換骨的改變，台灣監管機構應該將其視為一個契機，因為科技與維運服務正是台灣軟實力的優勢；國際化金融的現代，先發者可佔先機。

Since Zopa raised in 2005, Peer to Peer lending industry has gone through more than eleven years, keep blooming in UK, USA and China. During the years, P2P lending industry experienced the transformation of regulatory and risk management system, many platforms have also adjusted their business models. Taiwan P2P lending platforms raised since 2016, is still lake of supervision and credit database support, however, reference to other countries’ practice, we can help P2P lending industry focus on risk management structure establishment, and assist the industry develop smoothly. This research first studies the progress and the credit risk management mechanism of the P2P lending platforms in the UK, USA and China, and then compares the similarities and differences between P2P lending industry and traditional bank in anti-fraud, credit score and post-loan management; As we found P2P lending companies usually are more expert in science and technology, the companies can adapt the big data technology more quickly and flexibly, and then accumulate and analysis various credit information from customers . With the technology of 'knowledge map', the P2P lending platforms could predict customer’s behavior. Based on the analysis of 'LendBand ' in the Taiwan market, this research analyzes the team background, credit risk management structure and future platform planning to know how to improve the P2P lending industry environment in Taiwan.. The conclusions and recommendations including 'support from credit bureaus', ' bank trustee hosting' and 'adapt insurance mechanism'. Through sound credit risk management, we could expect that Taiwan P2P lending industry will be growing up healthy. As we know, Fintech development will bring the transformation for financial industry, Taiwan regulatory should be regarded this as an opportunity, sine technology and service is Taiwan’s advantage.