林芙美子與張愛玲作品中婚戀觀之比較—以1940~1950年代作品為中心

Abstract

在現在這個自由戀愛結婚的年代，很難想像過去在「家父長制」下女人連自己戀愛結婚的自主權都沒有。「戀愛」這個名詞是在二十世紀才傳入中國與日本。當時兩國為了「富國強兵」，引進西方思想，強調「個人主義」，女性也被納入解放的對象。當時的中日女性處於開始認識新的思想「自由戀愛」，但是卻仍未擺脫傳統社會制度，這之中自然產生很多的掙扎與矛盾。本論文藉由中日兩位當時專門描寫女性的作家—「張愛玲」與「林芙美子」的作品，分析作品中對於戀愛與婚姻的看法，探究當時新舊交替的社會下生存的女性的真實情況。出身名門的張愛玲從小接受中式與西式思想，作品中細膩的描寫當時中國社會女性在戀愛與婚姻中感受到的無奈與掙扎。而林芙美子作品中的女性充滿生命力，對於戀愛奮不顧身，但對於婚姻卻體認到掙扎與無奈。在看似兩性平等的現代，其實仍未擺脫潛在的「家父長制」思想，兩位作家寫的作品不僅看出當時代女性的生存樣貌，同時也傳達出跨越時代性，至今仍未改變的「戀愛」與「婚姻」的本質。與本論文先藉由大背景分析中國與日本在近代以前的女性觀，與近代之後西方思想的受容狀況，小背景分析兩個作家的家庭背景與感情經歷，再藉由時代與個人的經歷來分析作品，藉此更清楚知道在「婚戀觀」上兩人的差異，中日的差異，與超越時代與國家背景的「家父長制」下女性的「婚戀觀」。

In this modern age of open and freedom of choices in relationships and marriages, it is hard to imagine that in the past, under the patriarchy lifestyle, woman have no right for choosing her own marriage. The term “in loving relationship” only passed into China and Japan in the 20th century. At that period, these two countries are introducing Western culture and belief hoping to strengthen their own country’s military power and boost the economy. The concept of “individualism” was introduced, but woman in society was still not included for liberation. At that particular period of time, woman in China and Japan graduated to understand the concept of “freedom of love”, yet could not cast away the traditional social values, eventually resulting in many struggles and conflicts. The thesis investigates the literature and works from two outstanding authors at that time: Ms. 張愛玲and Ms. 林芙美子, who are specialized and well-known in their works on describing and articulating woman in society to analyze the realistic views of love and marriage for the woman under such transitional, classical-to-modern society. Ms. Cheng, coming from a high social-economical family, accepted both Chinese and Western beliefs. Therefore in her works, there are fine and delicate descriptions of Chinese woman’s struggles and helplessness on relationships and marriages. Similarly, the works of Ms. 林芙美子shows the powerful livelihood of woman, presenting great courage and reckless attitude for pursuing love, but once again faced the same struggle and helplessness when comes to marriage. In the age seemingly equal-right for both genders, still lie underneath the inherent patriarchy belief. The literature from both authors not only vividly illustrated the appearance of woman for survival at that time; they also deliver a message that crossed many generations, where the essence of “love” and “marriage” are still the same even until now. The thesis begins by a brief background of the feminism in China and Japan before the modern age, and acceptability of Western belief. Then in details it analyzed the family background and history of relationships for the two authors. Understanding these critical elements, the similarity and differences of two authors on their views on relationships and marriages can be identified. Thereafter, the studies expand towards these views for the woman in these two countries. These discussions even extend to provide an insight towards woman’s love and relationship view under a patriarchal society, regardless of time and country background.