安部公房和寺山修司的比較研究 以作品中的壁意象和箱意象為中心

Abstract

安部公房和寺山修司均為日本昭和時代的前衞作家。除了少數先行研究，如寺山修司的《箱》和安部公房的小説《箱男》的關係曾被指出外，兩位作家的作品並不常被比較。本文研究範圍是《箱》、《S・カルマ氏の犯罪》、《箱男》、《レミング》。筆者把安部公房《S・カルマ氏の犯罪》和寺山修司《レミング》的相似性指出，再試闡釋安部公房和寺山修司作品中牆壁和箱的意象的關連。筆者意在為兩作家牆壁和箱的意象提出解讀方法、並比較異同。安部公房和寺山修司俱受西方存在主義思潮影響。根據日本作家石川淳為安部公房的小説《S・カルマ氏の犯罪》所寫的序，最早把人生難題比喻為「牆壁」的是俄國文學家杜斯妥也夫斯基的《地下室手記》。面對人生難題時，安部公房在「牆壁」上寫字，引導讀者重新思考人生。寺山修司的主角在劇終擁有了穿越「牆壁」的能力，表達出不斷超越人生難題的生活態度。 在《箱》和《箱男》，主角躲在箱子裡，逃離社會。《箱》的主角躲在箱內，最後卻發現箱子也是一個共同體，因此要重新從箱子中逃出。《箱男》中主角做了一個能移動的箱子，在箱上挖了小窗戶，容許自己從箱內看外面的世界而又不受別人注目。箱男以箱為家，不用逃離共同體。筆者嘗試以日本哲學家柄谷行人「視差」的概念和精神分析師弗洛伊德分析理論等作為切入點，嘗試為《箱》和《箱男》提出新的解讀方法，並指出兩位作家非沒有相似之處。安部公房和寺山修司面對虛無並非不負面思考，他們努力在藝術方面發展自己的長處而是以文學為生命帶來希望、並讓讀者帶來尋找自己的生存意義。藉由研究安部公房和寺山修司作品中的牆壁和箱的意象，筆者能夠在他們的作品中重身認識存在本義。

Kōbō Abe and Shūji Terayama are Japanese writers known for their avant-garde works(前衛) . Nonetheless, except Shūji Terayama’s Box and Abe Kobo’s Box Man, few research has been done on comparing their works. This paper will try to point out the relationship between The Wall ─ The Crime of S. Karma by Kōbō Abe and Remming by Shūji Terayama and then compare and contrast their use of the image of wall and box. First, a new interpretation will be given concerning the imagery of wall and box in their works. According to Ishigawa Jun(石川淳), who wrote the preface for The Wall ─ The Crime of S. Karmasaid , the first literature work that uses [wall] as a metaphor to describe the problem humans face is Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground. While confronting the difficulties of life, symbolized by a wall, Kōbō Abe stands up and writes something on it and lets his reader think about the whole situation. Shūji Terayama lets the main character have the ability to pass through all the walls, which is an expression of the belief that we can overcome all the problems in life in a positive way. In order to escape from society, the protagonists in Box and Box Man choose to live in a box. In Box, the protagonist hides himself in a box and does nothing. However, in the end, he finds out that the box is a community from which he needs to escape. The protagonist of Box Man maintains his life by making a small window on the box so that he can observe the world without being looked at. This thesis will make use of Kōjin Karatani’s(柄谷行人) theory of “parallax view” and of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory to interpret the image of box in their works. When the two well-known writers encounter the question of the meaning of life, they show a positive attitude towards it. Using literature as their tool, they enrich their meaning of life and convey this message to their readers that it is important to find your own value and work hard for it.It is my biggest hope that, by reading this thesis, readers will be encouraged to rethink about what it means to live a meaningful life.