探討圈飼及救傷禽鳥類腫瘤發生與禽致腫瘤病毒之關聯性

Abstract

常見禽致癌病毒包含家禽肉瘤白血病病毒（avian sarcoma leukosis virus, ASLV），網狀內皮內皮病病毒（reticuloendotheliosis virus, REV）或馬立克病病毒（Marek’s disease virus, MDV）。這三種病毒不僅影響禽類養殖產業，同時也可能造成瀕危野生鳥類的危害。由於跨物種感染可能會造成非典型病理診斷特徵；因此，本研究目的是利用聚合酶鏈鎖反應（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）和免疫組織化學染色（Immunohistochemical staining, IHC staining），檢測台北市立動物園和台灣大學動物醫院送檢具腫瘤生長禽鳥類病例，探討是否有禽致癌病毒感染。在送檢的604個鳥類樣本中，69個共36種野生鳥類樣本（佔總數量中的11.4％）診斷出腫瘤性疾病。在69個具有腫瘤病例中，7例動物園飼養的家雞（Gallus gallus domesticus）檢出有ASLV A-E亞型的感染，並且其核酸片段彼此之間以及與原型/參考病毒株分別具有98.4至100％和74.0至100％的相似性；然而，在69個腫瘤病例中本研究並未檢測到ASLV J亞型、REV或MDV的感染。在ASLV A-E陽性病例中有5例腫瘤其組織邊緣可檢測到ASLV p-27抗原陽性訊號，在非ASLV A-E PCR陽性之一家雞腫瘤病例也可檢測到ASLV p-27訊號。然而，在家雞中鮮少的陽性率與在其他鳥類沒有陽性結果，暗示了這些病毒在野生鳥類的腫瘤發生中並不扮演常見的角色。

Avian oncogenic viruses including avian sarcoma leukosis virus (ASLV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and Marek’s disease virus (MDV), not only adversely impact the poultry industry but also possibly affect a variety of endangered species of wild birds. Due to the lack of diagnostic classical pathological features in different infected wild bird species, the aim of the present study was to investigate the avian oncogenic viruses infection, including ASLV, REV and MDV, in the avian tumor cases from Taipei Zoo and Animal Hospital of National Taiwan University by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Among the total of 604 collected avian samples, neoplastic disease was diagnosed in 69 birds (11.4% of total submissions) of 36 species. Among the 69 avian cases examined, ASLV subgroups A-E were successfully detected by PCR in 7 captive cases in Taipei zoo, and all of the 7 cases were domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). No ASLV subgroup J, REV or MD was detected in the present study. Five of the ASLV subgroup A-E PCR positive cases had IHC-positive signals in the edge of the tissue of the neoplastic growths. The isolated nucleic acid fragments had 98.4 to 100% and 74.0 to 100% identities with each other and with prototype/reference strains, respectively. The IHC-positive signals were also detected in one of the non-ASLV PCR-positive tumor case of chicken. The most negative results in ASLV, and no REV and MDV results suggested that viral etiologies are not common in the neoplasm development of wild birds.