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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59622
標題: | 結球白菜(Brassica rapa L. Group Pekinensis )
有機栽培管理與採種之研究 Study on Organic Cultural Management and Seed Production of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. Group Pekinensis) |
作者: | JEN-CHING SHIH 施任青 |
指導教授: | 羅筱鳳(Hsiao-Feng Lo) |
關鍵字: | 草蛉,薄荷,木黴菌,溶磷菌,春化作用,有機種子, lacewing,peppermint,Trichoderma spp.,phosphate-solubilizing bacteria,vernalization,organic seed, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 基於環境保護,有機農業日益受到重視,但生產有機一代雜交種子的相關研究尚付闕如。本研究探討結球白菜(Brassica rapa L. Group Pekinensis) ‘瑞星2號’有機栽培管理與有機種子生產的方法。結球白菜種子沾染黑腐菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)之後,分別以60℃或70℃乾熱處理24、36或48 h,其中70℃乾熱處理36 h之滅菌效果達98.3%最佳,且不影響發芽率。於有機質栽培土(興農牌花公主)中添加1%~3%之有機菜肥、蛭石或碳化稻殼作為育苗介質,三週苗以添加3%有機菜肥、5%蛭石或5%碳化稻殼處理之地上部乾重54.6 mg為顯著最高。將忌避植物薄荷、迷迭香或鼠尾草依10、30或60 cm株距與結球白菜環種或間種,以株距30 cm間種薄荷之蟲害指數54.1%最低,且種植較容易。分別於結球白菜定植時、定植後1或3週開始,每週1、2次或每2週1次施放草蛉或瓢蟲;適合的草蛉施放密度為每植株1.6隻草蛉,於定植後1週開始,每週釋放草蛉1次之蚜蟲蟲害指數46.7%為顯著最低,且易於操作。在定植後每5、10或15天,分別噴施10、20或40 ppm微生物製劑木黴菌或溶磷菌;於定植後每10天噴施20 ppm木黴菌者無苗期猝倒病發生、且不影響植株生長;而每15天噴施40 ppm溶磷菌之地上部鮮重73.1 g,生長較佳。將‘瑞星2號’之親本’CC02’於5~7℃環境播種,分別以光暗期23/1、16/8或12/12 h處理10、15或20天,皆經有機管理,其中以光暗期23/1 h處理20天為最佳春化條件,母本單株可生產59開花枝。 Organic agriculture has been higher and higher valued in recent years due to environmental protection concern. However, the research on the production of organic F1 hybrid seed is insufficient. This research focused on organic cultulral management and organic seed production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. Group Pekinensis) ʻLucky Star No.2.ʼ After cover by black rot pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris), Chinese cabbage seeds were treated with 60℃ or 70℃ dry heat for 24, 36, or 48 h. Seeds treated by 70℃ dry heat for 36 h exhibited the highest sterile effect 98.3% without affecting seed germination. Organic cultural substrate was added with 1~3% organic vegetable fertilizer, 5~10% vermiculite or 5~10% carbonated rice hull and used as seedling substate. The substrate with 3% organic vegetable fertilizer, 5% vermiculite and 5% carbonated rice hull significantly showed the highest shoot dry weight 54.6 mg at the 3rd week in nursery stage. Three kinds of repellent plants, peppermint, rosemary and sage, were planted aside or around Chinese cabbage plants with distance of 10, 30 or 60 cm. The lowest pest index 54.1% was exhibited in the treatment of planting peppermint aside with distance of 30 cm which is easy to cultivate. Lacewings and ladybugs were released at the 0th, 1st or 3rd week after transplanting, once per week, twice per week or once per 2 weeks. Releasing lacewings once per week started from the 1st week after transplanting showed the highest suppression effect with aphid pest index 46.7% which is easy to conduct. Trichoderma spp. or phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of 10, 20, or 40 mL˙L-1 was sprayed on the seedlings after transplanting once per 5, 10, or 15 days. Spraying 20 mL˙L-1 Trichoderma spp. once per 10 days could keep the damping-off away from the seedlings without affecting plant growth. Spraying 40 mL˙L-1 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria once per 15 days over seeds showed the most prominent growth-promoting effect with shoot fresh weight 73.14 g. Seedlings of inbred parents of ‘Lucky star No.2’ were incubated at 5-7℃ with light/dark period 23/1, 16/8 or 12/12 h for 10, 15 or 20 days, respectively. Inbred parents vernalized by 5-7℃ for 20 days with light/dark period 23/1 h produced the most flowering branches of 59, which was the best vernalization condition. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59622 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201700650 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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