母親就業的代際影響與變遷-以1953-1963、1964-1976及1977-1983年出生世代女性為例

Abstract

本文使用PSFD中1953-1963、1964-1976及1977-1983年出生世代樣本，探討青少年時期母親就業的性別角色形象，對於女兒未來的勞動參與和家庭有酬及無酬分工的影響。研究結果發現，在1977-1983年出生世代母親就業代際影響的迴歸模型中，相對於未就業母親的女兒，就業母親所養育的女兒顯著擁有較高的勞動參與率和工時，並賺取較多的所得。此外，母親就業女兒婚後家庭所得由妻子賺取的部分亦相對較高，而在無酬家務分工部分，則與母親未就業女兒婚後分工情況無異。 其次，母親就業對於下一世代女性角色示範效果的顯著性，僅存在於父母親教育程度較高且差距不大的家庭，表示原生家庭性別角色態度的現代化程度，及父母親間家庭地位的平權關係是影響母親就業的代際效果是否彰顯的因素。

Using data from the birth cohorts of 1953-1963, 1964-1976, and 1977-1983 of PSFD, we analyze how the gender role image of maternal employment in these birth-cohort women’s adolescence affects their later labor supply and the way they divided paid and unpaid labor within households. The result significantly indicates that 1977-1983 birth-cohort women brought up by employed mothers are more likely to be employed, work more hours, and earn higher wages. And the share of household income earned by the wife brought up by employed mothers are also significantly higher. However there is no difference in unpaid labor household division between those married women whether if brought up by employed mothers or not. Furthermore, we also find that such above effect of maternal employment exists significantly only when parents’ educational level are both higher and getting closer at the same time. It means parents’ gender role attitude and relative status in household are the determinant factors of the significant intergenerational effect of maternal employment.