軌道系統維護任務產生與指派之決策支援模型研發

Abstract

鐵道系統之安全與效率必須仰賴完善之系統維護機制與策略，其中，由於軌道基礎設施是鐵道系統正常運轉之重要根基，其亦具有相對高昂之維護費用支出，因此，適當分配軌道維護所使用之維護資源是規劃過程中相當重要之環節。過往研究著重在預防性維護任務之探討及短期維護任務之排程，少有針對軌道系統之狀態變化進行全面且整體的規劃；此外，現行之軌道維護規劃程序係以鐵道系統之規範與實務人員之經驗作為依據，除了制定過程繁瑣費時，亦無法保證維護規劃之品質。故本研究於考量預防性維護之相關規範的同時，更進一步探討軌道基礎設施之狀態變化以及預測性維護任務之產生與指派，透過建立一個混合整數線性規劃模式描述此一軌道維護長程規劃問題，並且研發一套規則式啟發式演算法增進求解效率，以期提高鐵道系統之整體表現與品質。透過台灣地區實際路網之案例分析，研究中所建立之決策支援模型能夠輔助軌道維護任務規劃之實務人員，在考量系統安全性、旅客舒適性與維護成本之三項維護目標的同時，透過兼具效率與效益之規劃方式制定軌道系統之年度維護任務計畫。

The safety and efficiency of a railway system rely on the well maintenance mechanism of the corresponding subsystems. Among all these subsystems, the rail infrastructure is the foundation of railway operations and is the fundamental support for a reliable and smooth ride of passengers. Therefore, how to properly allocate the resources in the track maintenance is an important part during the planning process. This research addresses the long-term track maintenance planning problem and aims to identify a set of maintenance tasks on rail networks for a given horizon. In addition to the preventive maintenance considered in the manual planning process, the predictive maintenance is further taken into the considerations to promote the performance of the railway system. In this research, an optimization model is firstly established to describe the problem and a heuristic algorithm is then developed to enhance the solution efficiency based on the practical rules and the problem nature. Results from the case studies demonstrate that the developed process can successfully identify appropriate maintenance tasks and assign them into the annual maintenance plan by minimizing the costs of expected failures (safety), irregularities (comfort), and maintenance. As a result, adopting this developed decision-support process can assist planners to identify the necessary maintenance activities with balance in safety, comfort, and cost, and efficiently create a long-term track maintenance plan.