小型四旋翼無人機應用於水稻作業之可行性評估

Abstract

近年來小型四旋翼無人機廣受世界各國所重視，由於其製作價格低廉、操作容易，教育訓練時間短，而且可進行垂直起降以及空中懸停，其優異的性能廣受各大研究領域所使用。而不久前全球空拍機市占率最高之某公司更針對農業領域推出其大型農業植保無人機，其可透過地理資訊系統進行精準定位施藥，由此可見當前無人機應用於精準農業之方向正在興起。 本論文探討以小型無人機應用於水稻作業之可行性，在工程可行性方面，首先透過市售之小型四旋翼空拍機進行農地面積比例量測。接下來透過小型四旋翼飛行平台裝載自製之噴藥設備進行福壽螺防治作業，透過直接噴灑70%耐克螺可濕性粉劑於水稻田間，並於施藥過後3天以空拍機進行監控稻苗狀態並抽樣影像進行稻苗折損率計算。最後透過小型四旋翼飛行平台裝載種子散佈設備於水稻田休耕期間進行油菜花種子散佈作業，並在種子散佈過後30天以抽樣影像方式於田間觀測油菜花種子萌發情形。在市場評估方面，則透過蒙地卡羅法來針對農業植保無人機所替代之農機產品進行價格模擬並更進一步估算農業植保無人機之市場規模。 經由實驗證實小型無人機可應用於台灣水稻農作的農地面積比例量測、福壽螺防治作業以及油菜花種子散佈作業。在福壽螺防治作業部分，通過稻苗折損率的計算，無人機施藥之稻苗折損率約在1%上下，與一般稀釋後施藥之稻苗折損率無異。而在經過計算後，推估台灣農業植保無人機市場約在八億上下。

In recent years, the small four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received great attention from all over the world. Because of their low production cost, easy operation which means short training time and vertical take-off and landing, their excellent performance is widely used in various research fields. Not long ago, one company has launched its large-scale agricultural plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles for agricultural areas, which can be accurately positioned and spraying pesticides by using GIS application. this means the current UAV used in precision agriculture direction is just on the rise. In this research, we focus on the feasibility of using small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for rice agriculture in Taiwan. First, we use UAV to measure each part of a paddy field. Second, by using commercially available small-scale four-rotor flight platform to carry the home-made spraying equipment, we can do Apple snails control operations. We direct spraying 70% of Niclosamide powder in the paddy field, and after 3 days, we use UAV to monitor the status of rice seedlings and sampling the images. Last, seed dispersal equipment was installed on the commercially available small four-rotor flight platform to disperse rape seeds during paddy field fallow. After 30 days, field sampling of rape. In terms of market valuation, the Monte Carlo method is used to conduct price simulations of agricultural products by using agricultural plant protection drones and further more the market size of agricultural plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is estimated. The small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be used to measure the ratio of each part of the paddy field, the control of Apple snails, and the seed dispersal of rape seeds, and it is estimated that the market of agricultural plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles is about 800 million.