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標題: | 產業減碳外部效益分析-以鋼鐵業為例 Analysis for industry’s enabled emission reduction - Steel industry as an example |
作者: | Yi-Chen Hung 洪以真 |
指導教授: | 馬鴻文 |
關鍵字: | 外部減碳,生命週期評估,鋼鐵業,外加性, enabled emission reduction,life cycle assessment,steel industry,additionality, |
出版年 : | 2014 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 由於氣候變遷與溫室效應帶來的影響,現今如何落實溫室氣體減量工作已成
為重要課題。各國政府亦開始關切產業如何減少 CO 2 排放與訂定產業 CO 2 排放標 準之事宜。然而在產業製造產品產生排放的同時,部分產品於後續的應用能帶來減 碳效益。因此,欲探討產業的 CO 2 排放情形,不應只著重在產業製造產品產生的 排放,還應納入產品於應用時所帶來的減碳效益,以整體生命週期的觀點分析。本 研究將一產業產品之應用,對於整體生命週期帶來影響所產生的減碳效益,定義為 產業的「外部減碳」(enabled emission reduction, 簡稱 EER)。外部減碳有諸多用途。 過去談減碳策略多從單一部門規劃如何減碳,外部減碳能呈現 CO 2 排放於跨部門 的關聯性。此外,過去政策在訂定溫室氣體減量標準時,多針對產業內部產生的排 放訂定排放標準,外部減碳可使我們重新檢視對產業的 CO 2 排放限制。並且,外 部減碳能夠提供產業創新條例新的補助與獎勵思維。針對產業之外部減碳建立獎 勵機制能提供產業誘因,刺激產業研發更高效率產品,進而在產品應用時帶來更大 減碳效益。由於外部減碳之計算與量化可作為政府建立獎勵機制、重新檢視碳排標 準的依據。如此在計算外部減碳時就必須更加嚴謹,以避免企業算出來的外部減碳 過於浮濫的情形。目前國際已有鋼鐵業、化學業、高科技業計算其產品帶來之外部 減碳。然而這些報告計算之外部減碳,於部分案例可能有高估之情形。本研究嘗試 改善這些缺陷,建立一適當之篩選流程與評估、計算方法,以更嚴謹地評估外部減 碳。 本研究採用生命週期評估方法評估產品於生產時之 CO 2 排放與應用帶來之減 碳效益,並且建立外部減碳判定流程以做篩選評估。判定流程有三個重點,分別為 考量外加性、考量減碳效益之分配問題與考量反彈效應。案例分析中以鋼鐵業產品 示範如何計算外部減碳,同時驗證流程之可行性。高機能鋼(High Functional Steel, 簡稱 HFS)替代傳統鋼應用於汽車之案例結果顯示,製造 HFS 增加的排放為 17.9萬噸 CO 2 eq;HFS 應用於汽車之外部減碳為 48.7 至 54.4 萬噸 CO 2 eq,為製造 HFS 增加排放的 2.73 至 3.05 倍。而鋼鐵應用於風力發電之案例中,生產風機所需要鋼 鐵之排放為 32 萬噸 CO 2 eq;鋼鐵應用於風機之外部減碳則有 3,576 萬噸 CO 2 eq, 為生產鋼鐵排放的 110 倍。案例計算結果顯示,部分產業產品雖然於生產製造階段 增加排放,但其應用對於整個生命週期階段能帶來可觀的外部減碳效益。未來發展 減碳策略若能納入外部減碳思維便可更加完整與周全。 Due to the impact of climate change and global warming, now how to implement GHG reduction has become an important issue. Governments are concerned that how industries to reduce their CO 2 emissions and thinking to set industry CO 2 emissions standards. However, while industries emit GHG in the manufacturing of products, the use of many of these products enables significant reduction emissions. Therefore, we should not only consider the CO 2 emissions in the manufacturing of chemical products, but also consider the enabled emissions reduction of products. In this study, the definition of enabled emission reduction (“EER” for short) is “the carbon emission reduction benefit due to the application of industrial products which brings impacts to products’ whole life cycle.” There are many purpose of EER. In the past when we talked about carbon emission reduction strategy, we often plan how to reduce emission in separate sector. But EER can link each sector and show cross-sectoral relevance of carbon emission. In addition, governments set industry GHG emission standards only considering the emission from internal of industry in the past, EER can make us rethink GHG emission standards. Furthermore, EER can bring new thoughts of allowance to “Industrial Innovation Act”. Rewarding industries in accordance with their EER can provide incentives for industry to produce more energy-efficient products, thereby there will be more EER. Since the quantification of EER can be the basis for governments to reward industry and rethink industry GHG emission standards, we should be more rigorous to calculate EER to avoid that the value of EER is exaggerated. Currently there are steel industry, chemical industry and ICT industry which calculate their own EER. However, some cases of these reports may overestimate the value of EER. Therefore, this study attempts to improve these defects and build an appropriate screening process and evaluation method. This study use life cycle assessment (“LCA” for short) method to estimate the CO 2 emission in the manufacturing of products and carbon emission reduction due to the application of products. This study also build a flow chart to help us screen and assess EER. The flow chart has three emphasis : to consider additionality, to consider the emission reduction benefits’ allocation problem and to consider rebound effects. In case study we demonstrate how to calculate the enabling emission reduction of steel industry products, and we can also verify the feasibility of the process. In the case result of high functional steel(“HFS” for short) substituting traditional steel when applied to vehicle, the emission increment in producing HFS is 17.9 thousand tons CO 2 eq; the EER of HFS applied to car is 48.7 to 54.4 thousand tons CO 2 eq, which is 2.7 to 3.5 times of emission increment in producing HFS. In the case study of steel applied to wind power, the emission increment in producing steel applied to wind power is 32 thousand tons CO 2 eq; the EER of steel applied to wind power is 3,576 thousand tons CO 2 eq, which is 110 times of the emission increment in producing steel. These results of case study shows that although some industrial products may increase carbon emissions at manufacturing stage, but in the application of products can bring the entire life cycle stage large EER, which is much larger than the emissions at the manufacturing stage. Therefore, it will be better and more comprehensive that we consider EER when developing carbon emission reduction strategies. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/58715 |
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