皎然詩學體系研究

Abstract

皎然是中唐著名的詩僧，他以儒道佛融合的思想，作詩也寫出了具有劃時代意義的詩論著作，其詩學體系對後代詩歌產生深遠的影響，有值得關注的理由。是故筆者以皎然詩歌及詩論著述為核心，輔以相關現代詩學理論，力圖予以皎然詩學更清晰的展示，並期許皎然詩學體系可更貼近當代文學研究的觀察視角，使古典詩學亦可為當代文學理論所運用。首先，筆者梳理皎然詩學背景，針對皎然「社會背景」、「創作環境」、「個人背景」加以觀照，以期盡「知人論世」之功。繼而筆者針對皎然「創作論」與「鑑賞論」進行探究，「創作論」部分，筆者從「創作之思維」、「創作之形式技法」與「創作之餘味—『但見情性，不睹文字』之意境」三方面梳理之；而「鑑賞論」部分，筆者釐清「五格品詩」、「三格四品」、「詩人三品藻」、「辨體十九字」等鑑賞方法，並檢視皎然對歷代詩人作品的品評，透過皎然之品評，一窺皎然對典範的認同及追摹前代詩歌典範的痕跡。接著，筆者討論皎然詩學之所以成為典範的原因，除了從「聲律」、「對偶」、「意境理論」及「以禪喻詩」等部分探討皎然詩學的承繼與其對後學的啟發，更從現代詩學的角度觀看皎然詩學的價值定位，並了解皎然詩學對當代詩歌創作所具的借鑒意義。最後，綜合各層次所獲得的觀點，做一總結說明，以期更清晰的理清其脈絡，重構皎然的詩學體系。

Jiao Ran was a famous monk poet in the Mid-Tang Dynasty. He used the combination of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism to create poetry works with epochal meanings and his poetic system makes a big impact to the poetries of later ages, so it is worth concerning. Therefore, the author used Jiao Ran poetries and statements as his core, with relevant modern poetry theories, to give the Jiao Ran poetic theories a cleaner revelation and expect that the Jiao Ran poetic theories can be more close to the viewing angle of modern literature for making the classic poetries useful on modern literature. First of all, the author clarified and sorted out the background of Jiao Ran poetic theories. I aimed at its “social background”, “creation environment”, “personal background” with a great attention in order to reach the effect of “understanding someone and commenting his life very well”. Furthermore the author processed an exploration on the “creation theory” and “viewing theory” of Jiao Ran poetic theories. On the part of “creation”, the author clarified it with three aspects such as “thoughts of creation”, “forms & techniques of creation” and “the aftertaste of creation: the Artistic Conception of seeing someone’s personality through words “ On the part of “viewing”, the author clarified few methods of viewing such as “ four styles of viewing on three different poetries”, “three viewing methods of poetry”, “nineteen words of recognizing forms” and examined the comments from Jiao Ran poetic theories on poets’ works from the past generations. Through comments of Jiao Ran poetic theories, we see the tracks of how Jiao Ran poetic theories recognize the classics and pay attribute to the former poetic models. After, author’s reasons of why Jiao Ran poetic theories became the model were built on not only “prosody”, “parallelism” , “Artistic Conception” and “using Zen to make analogy of poetry” to explore the inheritance of Jiao Ran poetic theories and inspiration of the scholars of next generation. Furthermore, I am seeking the valuable position of Jiao Ran poetic from the aspect of modern poetries theories to understand the meaning of how modern poetic theories pay attribute to Jiao Ran. Finally, the author will integrate each viewpoint, and make a summing-up, to more clearly clarify its history and reconstruct the poetic of Jiao Ran.