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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳俊宗(Jiunn-Tzong Wu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Ching-Su Lin | en |
dc.contributor.author | 林敬舒 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T08:22:15Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-03-08 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-03-08 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-01-25 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/58614 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究對生長在中臺灣著名惡地,包括火炎山、大坑與大肚等地區的土壤藻類進行歧異度、豐富度、親緣演化與水份逆境等調查和分析,並同時探討建立生物土殼(BSCs)的可能性。研究結果顯示,火炎山和大肚的土壤藻主要由綠藻組成,優勢藻屬包括Bracteacoccus、Coccomyxa、Klebsormidium和Koliella等四屬;大坑則以藍綠菌為主,以Leptolyngbya數量最優勢。土壤藻之群集結構顯著受到環境因子(特別是溼度)、土壤質地和植被發展等影響。由16S rDNA與葉綠體23S rRNA分析顯示,生活於此類環境中土壤藻間之親緣關係頗為複雜且歧異。本研究利用添加聚乙二醇(PEG)來研究土壤藻對水份逆境的耐受生理,發現在水份逆境下細胞內之脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)、色素、抗氧化酵素(如SOD)等的含量會顯著提升。其中,脯氨酸、SOD和類胡蘿蔔素含量的變化量可反映物種的抗水份逆境能力。此外,本研究嘗試利用Leptolyngbya boryana來建立BSCs,發現在建立過程中,隨著土壤生物量的增加,許多理化參數測值都顯著增高。建立過程可區分為初始期、成熟期、延展期、抗衡期和衰退期等5個時期,其中以前2-3個月最為關鍵。溼度可能為控制BSCs發展的最重要因子。在適當的環境下,約6個月即可見BSCs有藍綠菌、綠藻、矽藻,及真菌和蘚苔類等之拓殖。此外,人為刮除山壁上BSCs後,約經1年時間即可恢復至近似刮除前的初始狀況。綜合研究結果顯示,L. boryana具有分佈廣泛、生長快、培養容易、絲狀藻體易糾纏、忍受逆境能力強等優勢,可能為要進行BSCs建立、生態恢復等工法時的極佳先趨物種。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study was aimed to characterize the diversity, abundance, phylogeny, and stress physiology of indigenous soil algae at highly eroded badlands, including Dadu, Dakeng, and Hoyen Mountain situated in mid-Taiwan and to elucidate the feasibility of establishing biological soil crusts (BSCs). At Hoyen Mountain and Dadu, dominant soil algae were of chlorophytes including those genera of Bracteacoccus, Coccomyxa, Klebsormidium, and Koliella, while at Dakeng of cyanobacteria such as Leptolyngbya. The distribution of soil algae exhibited a strong dependency on environmental variables such as soil moisture, soil texture, and the vegetation type. For phylogenic analysis of soil algae, both the 16S rDNA and plastid 23S rRNA were used. The results showed that these algae belonged to an evolution complex. To study the physiology of water stress in soil algae, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as an inducer. As a response to PEG treatment, the intracellular proline levels were elevated, which was associated with increases in malondialdehye (MDA), pigment contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a result, the tolerance to water stress could be indicated by the intracellular levels of proline, SOD, and caroteniods. Moreover, to test the establishment of BSCs, L. boryana was used. The development of BSCs resulted from this organism would improve remarkably the biological and physiso-chemical properties of the soil environment. The establishment of BSCs could be differentiated into five stages, namely initial, mature, extended, contended, and declined. The time of establishment varied with environmental factors at the habitat. It was suggested that filamentous L. boryana may be a suitable pioneer organism for BSCs establishment and restoration of the disturbed environments. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T08:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-D97b44001-1.pdf: 12218697 bytes, checksum: fac483ac42d526fe4f5133a6430099fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書…………………………………….…………......…………….........i
誌謝………………………………………………………….……...……………...........ii 中文摘要…………………………………………………………....……………..........iii 英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………..........iv 目錄………………………………………………...........……………….………..........vi 圖目錄……………………………………………...........……………….....…….........xii 表目錄……………………………………………...........……………...………..........xvi 縮寫對照表…………………………………...........……………...….….....…..........xviii 第一章 臺灣中部高侵蝕惡地生物土殼的藻類歧異度.................................................1 1.1前言.............................................................................................................................2 1.1.1生物性土殼..............................................................................................................2 1.1.1.1定義.......................................................................................................................2 1.1.1.2土壤藻的組成多樣性...........................................................................................3 1.1.1.3分佈.......................................................................................................................5 1.1.1.4形態類別...............................................................................................................7 1.1.2 BSCs對生態功能的影響........................................................................................9 1.1.2.1演替.......................................................................................................................9 1.1.2.2胞外多醣體與膠結機制.....................................................................................10 1.1.2.3水文地理學.........................................................................................................13 1.1.2.4固碳.....................................................................................................................18 1.1.2.5固氮.....................................................................................................................19 1.1.2.6酸鹼度.................................................................................................................21 1.1.2.7土壤有機質.........................................................................................................22 1.1.2.8土壤與地形學.....................................................................................................23 1.1.2.9植被結構.............................................................................................................25 1.1.3土壤微生物多樣性................................................................................................30 1.1.4土壤微生物研究的困難........................................................................................31 1.1.5環境微生物多樣性的研究方法............................................................................35 1.1.6分析技術的比較....................................................................................................41 1.1.7 PCR-DNA擴增指紋技術......................................................................................43 1.1.8變性梯度凝膠電泳................................................................................................46 1.1.9宏基因組技術........................................................................................................52 1.1.10基因轉殖庫..........................................................................................................53 1.2研究目的....................................................................................................................57 1.3材料與方法................................................................................................................58 1.3.1研究樣區................................................................................................................58 1.3.2環境因子測定........................................................................................................63 1.3.3土壤藻的群集分析................................................................................................68 1.3.3.1顯微鏡觀察.........................................................................................................68 1.3.3.2分離培養與分子鑑定.........................................................................................68 1.3.3.3變性梯度凝膠電泳族群分析.............................................................................71 1.3.3.4基因轉殖庫的建立.............................................................................................73 1.3.3.5定序與重建系統演化樹.....................................................................................76 1.3.3.6量化與統計分析.................................................................................................76 1.4結果...........................................................................................................................78 1.4.1土壤樣本分析........................................................................................................78 1.4.2藻形態觀察與培養.................................................................................................83 1.4.3 DGGE分析............................................................................................................88 1.4.4基因轉殖庫分析...................................................................................................100 1.4.5分析技術間的比較..............................................................................................103 1.4.6親緣演化關係分析...............................................................................................104 1.5討論.........................................................................................................................106 1.5.1不同研究方法所得的土壤藻歧異度..................................................................106 1.5.2土壤藻族群的組成與變動..................................................................................108 1.5.3親緣關係分析.......................................................................................................110 1.5.4環境因子..............................................................................................................112 1.6結論..........................................................................................................................119 第二章 土壤藻的水份逆境生理效應.........................................................................120 2.1前言.........................................................................................................................121 2.1.1逆境下的氧化作用..............................................................................................121 2.1.1.1活性氧...............................................................................................................121 2.1.1.2抗氧化防禦系統...............................................................................................126 2.1.1.2.1抗氧化酵素....................................................................................................126 2.1.1.2.2非酵素性抗氧化物........................................................................................129 2.1.2滲透壓逆境..........................................................................................................132 2.1.2.1無機離子...........................................................................................................132 2.1.2.2有機物質...........................................................................................................133 2.2實驗目的.................................................................................................................137 2.3材料與方法.............................................................................................................138 2.3.1受測物種與培養狀況..........................................................................................138 2.3.2相對含水量..........................................................................................................138 2.3.3水份逆境下的生長狀況......................................................................................139 2.3.3.1抵抗水份逆境能力...........................................................................................139 2.3.3.2水份逆境下的生理反應...................................................................................140 2.3.4統計......................................................................................................................144 2.4結果.........................................................................................................................145 2.4.1相對含水量..........................................................................................................145 2.4.2抵抗水份逆境能力..............................................................................................146 2.4.3脂質過氧化..........................................................................................................146 2.4.4抗氧化酵素...........................................................................................................150 2.4.5脯氨酸...................................................................................................................150 2.4.6蛋白質...................................................................................................................151 2.4.7胡蘿蔔素..............................................................................................................151 2.4.8藻膽色素...............................................................................................................154 2.4.9統計......................................................................................................................155 2.5討論.........................................................................................................................158 2.5.1耐水份逆境的能力..............................................................................................158 2.5.2脂質過氧化..........................................................................................................159 2.5.3抗氧化酵素..........................................................................................................160 2.5.4脯氨酸..................................................................................................................162 2.5.5蛋白質..................................................................................................................163 2.5.6色素......................................................................................................................165 2.6結論.........................................................................................................................167 第三章 BSCs建立的探討...........................................................................................168 3.1前言.........................................................................................................................169 3.1.1干擾與土壤微生物..............................................................................................169 3.1.2沙漠化與全球氣候變遷......................................................................................170 3.1.3 BSCs的復育........................................................................................................171 3.1.4 BSCs的建立........................................................................................................176 3.1.4.1人為穩定與資源擴增.......................................................................................176 3.1.4.2接種技術...........................................................................................................176 3.2研究目的.................................................................................................................179 3.3材料與方法.............................................................................................................180 3.3.1藻體培養..............................................................................................................180 3.3.2實驗室內、外的BSCs建立...............................................................................180 3.3.3土壤溼度對BSCs演替的影響...........................................................................181 3.3.4山壁BSCs破壞後的恢復...................................................................................181 3.3.5土壤生物、理化特性分析..................................................................................181 3.3.6 BSCs內土壤藻的群集分析................................................................................182 3.3.7統計分析...............................................................................................................183 3.4結果.........................................................................................................................184 3.4.1 L. boryana與C. vulgaris的接種比較................................................................184 3.4.2實驗室內L. boryana的BSCs建立評估............................................................185 3.4.3實驗室外L. boryana的BSCs建立評估............................................................192 3.4.4土壤溼度對BSCs演替的影響...........................................................................197 3.4.5現地BSCs經干擾破壞後的自然恢復時間與發展狀況...................................198 3.5討論.........................................................................................................................200 3.5.1 BSCs建立的關鍵因素........................................................................................200 3.5.2 BSCs建立後土壤生物、理化特性的改變........................................................203 3.5.3人工BSCs的演替發展過程...............................................................................206 3.5.4 BSCs建立時物種的選擇.....................................................................................207 3.5.5 BSCs破壞後的恢復時間與狀況........................................................................207 3.6結論.........................................................................................................................209 參考文獻.......................................................................................................................210 附錄...............................................................................................................................275 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 臺灣中部高侵蝕惡地生物土殼的藻類歧異度與水份逆境之生理效應 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Biodiversity and physiological responses to water stress of soil algae in biological soil crusts in highly eroded badlands of central Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李重義,張世杰,邱志郁,湯森林,江殷儒 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 生物土殼,土壤藻,歧異度,水份逆境,惡地,生態復育, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Badlands,Biological soil crusts,Biodiversity,Water stress,Establishment,Soil algae, | en |
dc.relation.page | 283 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-01-27 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 |
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