《明實錄》、《清實錄》與《李朝實錄》查詢系統建置

Abstract

實錄是一種編年體史書，為皇帝統治時期的大事紀，史官在每一任皇帝過世後，即根據各種朝中檔案編纂這位皇帝的實錄，其內容包括政治、經濟、軍事與外交等各個方面，可說是一朝史料的匯總，因此實錄也成為研究該朝歷史的重要典籍之一。 在中國歷代所編纂的實錄中，《明實錄》與《清實錄》為現存最龐大且最完整的兩部，所以也是人文學者在研究明清兩朝歷史時常使用的研究素材。不過在實錄的成書過程中，常為了當政者的利益而對於史實有所隱匿甚至竄改，因此在研究明清史時，若能使用和明清兩朝幾乎同時期的朝鮮王朝所編纂的《李朝實錄》作為印證或補充，相信對於探究史實會有不小的進展。本研究即是想利用資訊技術的幫助，達到上述這個目標。 本研究主要分為兩個部份，第一部份主要說明如何將數位化的《明實錄》全文資料依其斷句結構，切割成以事件為單位的條目資料，並為每個條目標記上時間資訊。第二部份則為使用《明實錄》與先前已處理完成的《清實錄》和《李朝實錄》條目資料所建置而成的實錄查詢系統之各項功能介紹，並提供使用範例說明系統的實用性。 本研究透過資訊方法，建置了橫跨明、清與朝鮮三朝實錄的查詢系統，期望為人文學者塑造一個更佳的研究環境，進而提升明清史研究的深度與廣度。

A shilu (實錄, Veritable Records), an annalistic historical records, collects the significant events during the reign of an emperor. Historiographers of the next emperor compiled the shilu of each emperor with the primary sources from the court after the emperor passed away. The content of a shilu includes politics, economics, military affairs, diplomacy and so on. It is thus an important collection for the studies of a dynasty. Among all the existing shilu in China, the Mingshilu (明實錄, Veritable Records of the Ming Dynasty) and the Qingshilu (清實錄, Veritable Records of the Qing Dynasty) are the most comprehensive. They are also extensively used by historians. However, since the successor who compiled the shilu would sometimes falsify the records to suit his own needs, shilu are not the most reliable source when studying specific events. Thus if we can use the Annals of the Joseon, compiled by Joseon Kingdom which is current day Korea and cover almost the same period as Mingshilu and Qingshilu combined, as supplement, it could provide a different viewpoint when studying events that occurred in East Asia during that period. In this thesis, we build a system for historians to study the three shilu simultaneously. There are mainly two parts in this study. In the first part, we describe how a digital text file of Mingshilu was processed and itemized, with dates extracted and standardized. (The texts of Qingshilu and the Annals of Joseon have already been processed previously.) In the second part, we present the functionalities of shilu search and retrieval system that contains the three tomes. We also use examples to demonstrate the usability of the system. We feel that our system provides a new way of using shilu in East Asian studies.