唐詩中的意志與命運

Abstract

意志與命運的關係，是人生命中無可迴避的問題。然而研究這個議題，必須選擇一個生命力、意志力最強旺的時代方能加以凸顯。在唐代，人類的精神與行動等同自然的雄偉與永恆，因此神話的開天闢地的豪健精神二度再現；所以意志與命運的主題在唐代似乎最能被凸顯，因其碰撞情形最為劇烈。 其中，唐詩最為能動，更深入到無限定的世界，也就是可以在相同的永恆再現的困境中洞觀靈魂的深處，適合對於幽微人性及深層衝突作更深入的挖掘。在意志與命運的主題下，可延伸出五個探討角度，包含：故鄉──內在；京華──外在；盛衰──整體；成敗──個人；生死──時限。兼攝：內、外、整、個、時、空。其實就是唐代士人一生縮影。 從中可以見到：唐人頑強精神，生命火花四射；回應時代之舉，能量空前絕後；展現人的力量，挺立非凡價值；最後，重要啟發則是：無論內、外、整、個、時、空如何不如人意，永遠必須有所堅持。因為只要守住意志，就有無限發展希望。意志命運一體兩面，正如宇宙二力一般相反相成，缺一不可。所以探討至此，或許生命奧祕亦可思過半矣。

The relationship between the will and fate is the unavoidable issue of human life. However, we have to choose the era when the human vitality and the will were the most exuberant and vigorous to feature this issue. In Tang Dynasty, the spirit and action of humans equal the grandeur and eternity of nature. Therefore, the groundbreaking, heroic and forthright spirit was re-presented. And thus the main themes of the will and the fate seemed able to be highlighted mostly in Tang Dynasty for the collision at then was the most intensified. The poetry of Tang Dynasty is the art form that contains the most momentum, and the momentum is powerful enough to enable Tang poetry to go deeply into the world of infinity. In other words, in the same predicament of re-presenting the eternity, Tang poetry could gaze into the depth of souls. Thus, Tang poetry is a suitable means to probe into the delicate human nature and the deeper conflict. Under the main themes of the will and the fate, five aspects of discussions could be extracted as follows: the homeland—inside; the capital—outside; vicissitudes—entirety; success and failure—individual; life and death—time limit. The aspects of inside, outside, entirety, individual, time and space are all covered, and they are in fact the miniature of the whole life of the scholars in Tang Dynasty. From this miniature we could see the things as follows: Tang people’s tough spirit and the splashing sparks of their life; the time-responding actions and the unprecedented momentum; the demonstration of human power and the establishment of extraordinary values, and finally, the crucial inspiration is: no matter how disappointing the aspects of inside, outside, entirety, individual, time and space are, one should always be insistent. As long as the will is secured, there will be the infinite hopes of development. The will and fate are two sides of one body as the two sorts of power in the universe opposing and supporting each other; each power is necessary. Thus probing into the issue this far, it could be considered that we are thinking further than half way to the end.