青少年親子衝突解決效能對親子衝突頻率與親子關係滿意度的作用效果

Abstract

Bandura提出的自我效能概念有助於個體積極正向的適應發展，它是一種個體的信念或期望，據以掌控情境，導引出自己所希望的思想、行為，以及能力表現。既有研究將自我效能的概念應用至親子衝突情境，探討衝突解決自我效能對妥善處理衝突所扮演的角色。然而這些與衝突解決效能有關的研究主要以父母的角度看待親子衝突，較少從子女的角度檢視它對親子衝突帶來的影響。因此，本研究的主要目於在探討：親子衝突解決自我效能是否能緩衝親子衝突頻率對親子關係的負向效果，並比較當衝突對象分別為父親或母親時，其緩衝效果的差異。 本研究經以649名高中生為參與樣本，結果發現：（1）親子衝突頻率對親子關係滿意度具有負向的效果；（2）親子衝突解決效能高的青少年子女，會以正面態度面對衝突，在過程中付出努力，因此有利於親子關係滿意度；（3）親子衝突解決效能可緩減與母親衝突頻率對母子關係滿意度的負面影響；但在與父親衝突方面，親子衝突解決效能緩減衝突頻率對父子關係滿意度負面影響的效果並不顯著。最後，對本研究結果提出相關討論、研究限制，以及未來研究方向。

According to Bandura, self-efficacy is beneficial to an individual's adaption and performance. It attains one’s expected view, behavior, and performance through the control of situations. Conflict resolution self-efficacy plays a key role in the proper handling of conflicts. However, majority of the existing empirical studies on parent-child conflict had primarily focused on parental efficacy and had minority on the child’s conflict resolution self-efficacy. Therefore, the first purpose of this study is to examine the possible associations between parent-child conflict frequency and satisfaction level as moderated by adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy. The second goal of the study is to investigate of gender differences between mother and father regarding the buffering effects of adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy. The research recruited 649 high school students as its participants. The results showed that: (1) Regardless of with the mother or father, parent-child conflicts have had negative impacts on adolescent’s satisfaction level of the parent-child relationship. (2) Adolescents with a higher level of conflict resolution self-efficacy are more likely to perceive conflict with a positive opportunity and put more effort in maintaining a harmonious parent-child relationship. (3) In the mother-child conflict condition, it was found that adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy could moderate the negative effect of conflict frequency on adolescent’s satisfaction level, but in father-child conflict condition, there was no significant moderating effect of the adolescent conflict resolution self-efficacy on the relationship between conflict frequency and the adolescent’s satisfaction level of the relationship.