我國典當業的現狀分析與發展思考

Abstract

我國典當業萌芽於兩漢，興貣於南北兩朝，成熟于大唐五代，立行于北金、兩宋，鼎盛於明清兩朝，衰落於清末民初，消亡于建國初期，復興於改革當代。時至今日，我國典當業與西方國家和我國港澳臺地區的一樣，作為一種提供特殊資金融通工具的行業，在我們的生產和生活中發揮著不可替代的作用。 近年來，特別是金融危機爆發以來，穩健的貨幣政策和金融業的謹慎態度在給中小企業帶來融資難的同時，也給典當業提供了巨大的成長空間。但是，由於傳統觀念的束縛、國家相關部門的忽視和部分典當企業的自身原因，典當行在發揮著自身金融和商業雙重功能的同時，也面臨著法律空白、政策模糊、經營轉型等諸多難題，亟需加以解決。因此，加強典當業法律、政策、經營等方面的研究，助推典當業的發展和轉型，是擺在學術界和典當業界人士面前的重要課題。 本文詴圖從我國典當業發展的歷史沿革出發，借鑒學習西方和港澳臺地區典當業發展的經驗教訓，通過挖掘和分析當前典當業面臨的內外環境和存在問題，為典當業的發展提供一些政策建議。本文還尌互聯網金融對典當行業帶來的衝擊進行了分析，提出了應對之策。本文指出，典當業的相關監管部門應當堅定支持典當行業的發展，並在法律和政策層面上為典當業創造良好的發展環境。本文也剖析了典當企業自身在企業管理、企業文化建設等方面的不足，並提出了典當企業在經營方式和經營模式上不斷創新、不斷轉型的初步思路。

The pawn industry in China emerged in Han Dynasty, flourished in Northern and Southern Dynasty, matured in Tang Dynasty. For further development, the pawn industry became prosperous in Ming and Qing Dynasty, declined at the end of the Republic of China and disappeared in the founding period. Nowadays, the renascence of pawn industry acts as the a special financial channel and makes great contribution to daily life in western country, Hong Kong, Marco and Taiwan District as well as in Chinese mainland. In recent years, especially after the financial crisis exploded, the prudent monetary policy and the serious attitude towards the finance have brought some obstacles to the small and medium enterprises and created new opportunities to the pawn industry simultaneously. The domestic pawn industry performs positive functions on the finance and business, on the other hand, it is facing some developing problems such as blankness of relative supervision, lack of policy support and hardship in management improvement by the limitation of traditional concept, neglecting fromgovernment and its own limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to have in-depth researches on the development of pawn industry to strengthen the construction in law, policy and management. After researching on the revolution history of pawn industry in China and by studying the development experience in western country, Hong Kong, Marco and Taiwan district, this article found some development problems and provided some value proposals for its further development. Specifically, this article fully analyzed the systemic risk in pawn industry and also pointed out the non-systemic risks. This article raised some suggestions for the government and relative constitutions to support the industrial development and create harmonious environment in law and policy for its further development. Besides, this article also present some improvement measures on management and culture construction of enterprises and created some new developing modes to accelerate the development of the pawn industry.