都會區支持性環境對居民從事活動及其健康之影響

Abstract

近年來臺灣都市化程度日益嚴重，都市中的自然環境元素因為人口集中、都市發展日漸減少。如何藉由改變景觀環境，提升都會區的支持性環境，以增加民眾活動機會，並進一步提升民眾的健康，是本研究欲探討的重點。本研究藉由空間及個人二種不同的角度切入進行探討。在都市空間層面，計算住家附近可活動空間的綠地指數，瞭解其是否影響居民的運動及健康狀態。在個人層面，則藉由實地問卷訪談，瞭解居民所自覺的環境狀態、活動量及健康狀態之間之關係。 在都市空間層面，結果顯示綠地面積百分比以及綠地邊緣密度會影響民眾是否從事運動。在健康方面，運動次數、綠地面積百分比以及綠地幾何最鄰近距離值越高，其生理面向值也越高。而心理面向則與運動次數、綠地面積百分比、綠地邊緣密度及綠地幾何最鄰近距離呈現正向影響。此外，本研究中綠地結構及運動相關變項均無法預測肥胖指標(BMI)。 在個人層面，以整體迴歸模式可發現，環境狀態的距離、公設可及、道路狀況、社區景觀以及活動的步行頻率、運動次數及整體活動量(IPAQ值) 會影響生理面向。心理面向則是受到環境狀態的居住密度、距離、公設可及、道路狀況、治安、購物停車以及活動的步行頻率及步行長度所影響。BMI值則僅受活動的運動次數影響。 本研究建議後續相關研究可進一步探討：環境對健康影響的時間長度、民眾從事活動的範圍以及活動類型對健康的影響。此外，在規劃設計方面，建議臺灣都會區仍應加強提昇公園綠地面積及數量並改善公園綠地可及性。強化都會區的停車空間規劃、注意步道的規劃設計及維護管理。最後，期望政府單位能重視景觀法之成立，並藉由景觀法促使各級政府積極改善目前環境景觀不良的問題。

In recent years, urbanization in Taiwan has become a serious problem. There are fewer and fewer natural elements because of the inner city population growth and urban development. The purpose of this study is to find a way to make landscape changes, to increase supportive environments, and to improve physical activity and human health. In order to explore the relationship between environment, physical activity and human health, this study is divided into two parts: urban scale and personal scale. In urban scale, we try to understand how the landscape metrics affect people to promote exercise and human health. In personal scale, we use on site survey to explore the relationship between neighborhood environment, physical activity, and human health. In urban scale, the results show that an increase in the percentage of total greenspace area increased people’s willingness of exercise, but the greenspace edge density decreased people’s willingness of exercise. The increase in the exercise times, the percentage of total greenspace area, and the Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance (ENN) of greenspace increased the Physical Component Summary (PCS) in SF-36. The Mental Component Summary (MCS) in SF-36 increased by exercise times, the percentage of total greenspace area, the greenspace edge density, and the Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance (ENN) of greenspace. However, there is no relationship among landscape metrics, exercise, and Body Mass Index (BMI). In personal scale, the results show that the Physical Component Summary (PCS) in SF-12 is affected by land-use mix– diversity, land-use mix– access, street connectivity, aesthetics, walking frequency, exercise times, and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) value. The Mental Component Summary (MCS) in SF-12 is affected by residential density, land-use mix– diversity, land-use mix– access, street connectivity, crime, lack of parking, walking frequency, and walking duration. The BMI value is only affected by exercise times. According to the results, further research could explore: how far into the future does the environment impact human health? How far away does the greenspace affect people to do physical activity? What kind of physical activity will indeed affect human health? In landscape planning, we suggest that we should increase the area and numbers of urban parks and greenspace, and the accessibility of greenspace will be improved, too. The planning, design, and maintenance of parking spaces and sidewalks are also important. In order to improve our environment, we are looking forward to the Landscape Act in Taiwan.