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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 盧虎生(Huu-Sheng Lur) | |
dc.contributor.author | Cheng-Hui Yang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 楊澄慧 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T05:34:30Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-08-21 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-08-21 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-08-13 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 李雅婷 (2012) 溫度逆境對不同穗位的乙烯合成及水稻穎果發育之影響。 國立臺灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文 臺北 臺灣
林芹如 (2008) 充實期高溫影響稻米品質形成的生理途徑。 國立臺灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文 臺北 臺灣 高筠婷 (2009) 水稻Ascorbate peroxidase基因家族功能分析 1. 水稻Ascorbate peroxidase基因家族之特性及表現 2. 水稻Ascorbate peroxidase 8 (OsAPx8)的功能分析。國立臺灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文 臺北 臺灣 許書華 (2012) 高溫下水稻充實期多元胺與水稻品質形成的關係。 國立臺灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文 臺北 臺灣 楊凡萱 (2010) 氮素對高溫下水稻穀粒品質形成之緩解作用之研究。國立臺灣大學農藝學研究所碩士論文 臺北 臺灣 Asada, K. 2006. Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiol. 141: 391-396. Beauchamp, C. and I. Fridovich. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 44: 276-287. Cairns, N. G., M. Pasternak, A. Wachter, C. S. Cobbett and A. J. Meyer. 2006. Maturation of arabidopsis seeds is dependent on glutathione biosynthesis within the embryo. Plant physiology 141: 446-455. Chen, G.-X. and K. Asada. 1989. Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and the differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. Plant and Cell Physiology 30: 987-998. 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A proteomic study on molecular mechanism of poor grain-filling of rice (Oryza sativa L.) inferior spikelets. PLoS ONE 9: 1. 林芹如. 2008. 充實期高溫影響稻米品質形成的生理途徑。. 許書華. 2012. 高溫下水稻充實期多元胺與水稻品質形成的關係。. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/56553 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 水稻充實期特別容易受到高溫的影響降低水稻的產量與品質,尤其極易產生白堊質,進而降低水稻的外觀品質,一些研究指出,白堊質的產生可能與水稻穎果內的氧化逆境有關,然而機制仍尚未釐清,因此,本試驗以Ascorbate peroxidase 8 (OsAPX8)和Glutathione reductase (OsGR3)兩個抗氧化酵素之突變株(日本晴背景)及大量表現植株(臺農67號背景)探討氧化逆境與稻米白堊質形成之關係。結果顯示,大量表現OsGR3的OEGR7-5轉殖系在高溫處理後能減緩白堊質的產生,具有在高溫下維持優良穀粒外觀品質之潛力,但OsAPX8則無此功能,因此後續試驗僅探討OsGR3與稻米品質之關係。生理分析結果顯示,高溫會加速OsGR3突變株 (osgr3) 穎果充實、減輕穀粒乾重、加速葉綠素的降解並累積較高的H2O2含量,然而OEGR7-5 水稻在高溫處理下乾重和常溫無明顯差異、能夠延遲葉綠素的降解並減緩H2O2的累積。穎果內抗氧化系統分析結果顯示,OEGR7-5在高溫逆境初期有較高GSH/GSSG比值,並維持穩定的GR活性;反之,在高溫下osgr3的GSH/GSSG比值顯著降低。在基因表現方面,高溫會抑制野生型水稻穎果OsGR3表現,並於穎果發育後期抑制澱粉生合成基因Glutamate synthetase、Granule-bound starch synthase 和Prolamin 7、與抗氧化相關基因NADPH oxidase、Mn superoxide dismutase、Catalase B 和Dehydroascorbate reductase的表現,在OEGR7-5品系中能減緩抑制的情形,而osgr3受抑制表現情形更嚴重。無氧呼吸相關基因在高溫下Pyruvate decarboxylase與Alcohol dehydrogenase表現上升,代表能量的供應效率下降。綜合各項分析結果,大量表現OsGR3基因有效減緩高溫所造成的白堊質可能機制為(一),藉由減緩葉綠素的降解,維持stay green現象,減緩高溫所造成能量的大量損耗;(二)抗氧化系統效率提高,降低H2O2的累積,減緩高溫所帶來的氧化逆境。本研究期望能在全球暖化下,對穩定水稻產量與品質之研究提供重要的參考。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | High temperature (HT) during rice grain-filling stage facilitates the formation of chalky grains, consequently influences appearance and milling quality. Formation of chalkiness has been correlated to oxidative stress, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, mutants (genetic background: Nipponbare) and overexpression lines (genetic background: Tainung67) of two antioxidant enzymes, Glutathion Reductase 3 (OsGR3) and Ascorbate Peroxidase 8 (OsAPX8), were investigated to reveal their roles in prevention of chalky formation in rice grains under HT. Physiological analysis on OsGR3 mutant (osgr3) reveals that HT aggravates grain filling, reduces grain weight, enhances chlorophyll degradation and increases the accumulation of H2O2 in grains. In contrast, GR overexpression line OEGR7-5 notably reduces chalky grains under HT. Leaves of OEGR7-5 also shows stay-green for a long growth period as compared to wild type (WT). In addition, OEGR7-5 maintains a high GSH/GSSG ratio under HT. In WT, HT represses expression of genes encoding starch and protein synthetic enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes such as Glutelin synthetase, Granule-bound starch synthase, Prolamin 7, NADPH oxidase, Mn superoxide dismutase, Catalase B and Dehydroascorbate reductase. Conversely, expression of these genes were not reduced until the lately grain formation stage in OEGR7-5 under HT stress. Taken together, OsGR3 gene plays crucial roles in chalky formation of rice grains under HT by maintaining chlorophyll contents in leaves and modulating the homeostasis of antioxidative defence system. These results provide new clues about the stabilization of yield and quality of rice production under global warming condition. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T05:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-R01621101-1.pdf: 8570292 bytes, checksum: a2fdb45e9aaf635b24a05f87e56fb13c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 #
中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iv 目錄 v 圖目錄 xi 附圖與表目錄 xiv 縮寫字對照表 xv 壹、 前言 1 一、 高溫對水稻品質之影響 1 1. 臺灣稻作的栽培背景與地理環境 1 2. 水稻穎果的發育 2 3. 高溫與水稻產量及外觀品質 2 4. 高溫與澱粉、蛋白質合成之相關 3 二、 氧化逆境與白堊質的形成 4 1. 氧化逆境的產生與傷害 4 2. 氧化逆境與白堊質形成之相關性 5 三、 植物的抗氧化系統 5 四、 抗壞血酸和抗壞血酸過氧化酶與水稻穀粒發育 8 1. 抗壞血酸生合成與功能 8 2. 抗壞血酸過氧化酶之功能 8 3. 抗壞血酸酶的同功酵素 (isoenzyme) 9 五、 穀胱甘肽和穀胱甘肽還原酶與水稻穀粒發育 10 1. 穀胱甘肽與穀胱甘肽還原酶之重要性 10 2. 穀胱甘肽生合成 10 3. 穀胱甘肽還原酶的同功酵素(isoenzyme) 10 4. 穀胱甘肽與穀胱甘肽還原酶對種子發育之影響 11 六、 研究目的 13 七、 試驗推論 15 貳、 材料與方法 17 一、 試驗材料水稻栽培 17 二、 生理分析方法 19 1. 榖粒外觀及產量調查 19 2. 穎果重量及水分含量之測定 19 3. 穎果葉綠素含量之測定 19 4. 穎果過氧化氫 (H2O2) 含量測定 20 5. 抗氧化物GSH與GSSG含量測定 20 三、 抗氧化酵素活性分析 22 1. Glutathione reductase(GR,E.C. 1.6.4.2)酵素活性分析 22 2. Superoxide dismutase(SOD,E.C. 1.15.1.1)酵素活性分析 22 3. Ascorbate peroxidase(APX,E.C. 1.11.1.11)酵素活性分析 23 4. Catalase(CAT,E.C. 1.11.1.6)酵素活性分析 23 四、 基因表現分析方法 24 1. 基因選取 24 2. Total RNA 萃取 24 3. 第一股cDNA合成 25 4. Real-time Quantitative PCR分析 26 參、 結果 27 一、 外表型分析 27 1. 轉殖株與對照組間植株高度略為不同 27 2. 穗部之外表型與穀粒產量構成要素分析 27 3. 穀粒之粒型分析 36 二、 穀粒品質分析 38 1. 高溫使穀粒外觀品質下降,大量表現APX無法減緩白堊質的產生,大量表現GR則可減緩白堊質的產生 38 2. 高溫加速劍葉葉綠素降解 39 三、 生理性狀分析 46 1. 高溫加速穀粒前期充實速率 46 2. 高溫下不同品系水稻穎果之鮮重、乾重及水分含量的差異 46 3. 高溫使葉綠素含量提早降解,OEGR7-5則能減緩 47 四、 高溫促使過氧化氫大量累積 52 五、 穎果抗氧化物GSH、GSSG與GSH/GSSG比值分析 55 六、 穎果抗氧化酵素分析 61 1. GR酵素活性測定 61 2. SOD酵素活性測定 61 3. APX酵素活性測定 62 4. CAT酵素活性測定 63 七、 高溫對不同品種水稻與穎果發育期之相關基因表現 68 1. 逆境相關基因 68 2. 乾物質累積相關基因 70 3. 無氧呼吸相關基因 71 4. 抗氧化相關基因 74 5. 抗氧化酵素APX相關基因 74 6. 抗氧化酵素GR生合成相關基因 80 7. 抗氧化酵素GR相關基因 80 8. 多元胺相關基因 81 9. 乙烯合成相關基因 82 肆、 討論 88 一、 APX和GR表現量的改變對外表型、產量上的影響 88 1. APX和GR表現量的改變有可能影響植株高矮或穗的長短 88 2. 大量表現GR促使稔實率提高 88 二、 粒形會影響白堊質的產生 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。 1. 大量表現GR之粒型較偏向短、寬、小較靠近中心點或近似圓形之粒型 錯誤! 尚未定義書籤。 三、 葉片Stay green 之現象 89 四、 高溫使穀粒外觀品質下降,大量表現APX8無法減緩白堊質的產生,大量表現GR3則可減緩白堊質的產生 89 五、 氧化還原狀態與白堊質形成相關性 91 1. 9DAF的氧化還原狀態為米質形成的影響關鍵 91 六、 不同抗氧化酵素可能於不同時期作用 92 1. GR和SOD可能為穎果前期重要之抗氧化酵素,APX和CAT可能為穎果後期重要之抗氧化酵素 92 伍、 結論 94 陸、 參考文獻 100 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 穀胱甘肽還原酶在水稻充實期高溫下對稻米品質形成扮演之角色 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Roles of glutathione reductase on grain quality formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at grain-filling stage under high temperature stress | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.coadvisor | 洪傳揚(Chwan-Yang Hong) | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 朱鈞(Chun Chu),陳宗禮(Chung-Li Chen),黃文理(Wen-Lii Huang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 高溫,稻米品質,穀胱甘?還原?,抗壞血酸過氧化?,抗氧化酵素,氧化逆境, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | high temperature,grain quality,glutathione reductase,ascorbate peroxidase,antioxidant enzymes,oxidative stress, | en |
dc.relation.page | 107 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-08-13 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農藝學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農藝學系 |
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檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
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ntu-103-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 8.37 MB | Adobe PDF |
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