結合建築資訊模型於室內空間災害應變之路徑規劃與分析

Abstract

當災難發生於開放空間或建築物內部時，應變人員的決策往往是救援及撤離行動的關鍵。當建築物具複雜幾何設計且人潮眾多時，將大大提高人員救援和撤離的難度。為確保決策之效率及準確性，近年來有許多研究引入電腦輔助方法，希望藉此改善救援決策之過程及結果。此篇論文主要致力於室內空間救援路徑分析，從既有建築資訊模型(BIM)中取得空間的幾何資料，並以此為基礎建造路網，再基於此路網分析出最佳之救援與逃生路徑。本研究比較兩種路網建造方式，此兩種路網建造演算法分別為可視圖Visibility Graph (VG)和中軸轉換Medial Axis Transform (MAT)，本研究分析兩種方法之優缺點，並結合兩者之優點，發展出一具有高效率及準確性之混合分析演算法(A-MAT-VG)。經不同規模之模擬驗證此演算法之潛力。未來可進一步加入風險及人流參數，以達到更符合現實狀況的最佳路徑分析。

Decision making for rescue and evacuation is critical for disaster response operations not only in open spaces but also in buildings where hazardous situations occur. For infrastructures with large and complex geometric layout, decision making could be facilitated with computer-aided approaches for better accuracy and efficiency. This research aims to respond to fire in buildings. As the operational plan is influenced by various attributes such as geometry and material of building elements, we combined network analysis with Building Information Modeling (BIM) models to facilitate the decision making for response operations. Building geometry is retrieved from the BIM model for graph generation and route finding. Rescue routes based on graph networks for rescuers can be determined depending on actual building layouts and conditions. In this paper, visibility graphs (VG) and medial axis transform (MAT) are evaluated for graph generation. A hybrid method that combines VG and MAT is proposed. Results of using the hybrid method showed encouraging results. Risks based on building materials are to be adapted for network edge costs to enable lowest risk route finding in the future, and the accuracy and efficiency is expected to be improved for in-building rescue and evacuation operations.