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標題: | 地衣芽孢桿菌表面素粗萃物應用於乳牛的潛力 The Potential Effect of Surfactin Crude Extract from Bacillus licheniformis on Dairy Cattle |
作者: | Ya-Hsin Kuo 郭雅心 |
指導教授: | 徐濟泰(Jih Tay Hsu) |
關鍵字: | 反芻動物,地衣芽孢桿菌,表面素, Ruminants,Bacillus licheniformis,Surfactin, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著台灣的密集式養殖,牛隻的腸道疾病成為現今養牛產業必須面對的一個棘手問題。牛隻的腸道疾病會影響牛隻對營養分吸收,嚴重甚至會導致牛隻死亡。而在各種腸道疾病中以細菌性感染最為常見,而傳統會使用抗生素進行治療,但近年來由於食安問題、藥物殘留及抗藥性的產生,各國政府已逐年公告禁止經濟動物使用大部分抗生素於飼料中添加,然而卻也尚未尋得一個可以完全替代抗生素的方案。因此若能找到一種具備預防性且是牛隻身體可以代謝無殘留問題的天然抑菌物質,將會是養牛產業的一大福祉。芽孢桿菌類被分類為公認安全(GRAS)的菌株,且被允許使用於食品工業及商業產品的添加中,同時地衣芽孢桿菌也被認為是具有改善腸道免疫功能,以及能與宿主建立良好的共生關係之潛力益生菌。因此本試驗之研究目的在於探討由地衣芽孢桿菌所分泌的代謝物脂肽是否能成為有效代替抗生素抑制仔牛下痢的效果。 本研究分為兩個部分,第一部分為體外發酵試驗,透過體外發酵將表面素脂肽與瘤胃菌株進行共培養,在不同的劑量處理之下,觀察瘤胃微生物組成以及微生物產物的變化。結果顯示不論是添加純化或是粗萃表面素脂肽皆會抑制格蘭氏陽性菌,進一步分析有觀察到些微抑制部分纖維分解菌,但不會抑制澱粉分解菌、蛋白質分解菌、或酸利用菌,預期有可能支持高精料飼糧的較佳利用效率。而第二部分則為動物餵食實驗,選用15隻剛出生的荷蘭牛仔牛分為三個組別,分別為1倍劑量組、10倍劑量組及對照組,於代乳粉中添加不同劑量的表面素脂肽並觀察仔牛的糞便菌相、健康狀況以及生長表現。結果顯示表面素脂肽僅有在臀寬及血溶比的項目有正面的影響,並且不會對於牛隻造成負面的影響。 總結來說,表面素脂肽相較於孟寧素需要較高的使用劑量,且效果也較孟寧素弱,但其優點為無殘留問題且添加後也對於牛隻無負面影響。未來還需要尋找提升粗萃表面素脂肽濃度的方法,才能以更小的添加劑量使用於飼糧,以提高應用於養牛產業的可行性。 With the intensive animal farming in Taiwan, intestinal diseases of cattle have become a major issue that the cattle industry must face today. Intestinal diseases will affect nutrient absorption, and if the disease became more serious cattle will even die. Bacterial infections are the most common cause among various intestinal diseases. Traditionally, antibiotics can be used for treatment. However, in recent years, due to food safety issue, drug residues and the emerging of drug resistance, many countries have banned most antibiotics use in cattle farming. Therefore, if we can find a preventive natural bacteriostatic substance that can be metabolized by cattle without residue problems, it will be a great benefit for the dairy industry. Bacillus is classified as a recognized safe (general recognized as safe, GRAS) and allowed to be used in the food industry and commercial product additions. Bacillus licheniformis is also considered to have the function of improving intestinal immune function, and can establish a symbiosis relationship with the host. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the lipopeptidesurfactin secreted by Bacillus licheniformis can be an effective alternative to antibiotics to effectively prevent calf diarrhea. This study is divided into two parts. The first part is an in vitro fermentation trial, in which surfactinlipopeptide and rumen fluid inoculant are co-cultured to observe the changes in rumen microbial composition and fermentation products at different doses of lipopeptide. The results showed both purified and crude extract surfactinlipopeptide could inhibit Gram-positive bacteria. Further analysis showed that surfactinlipopeptide could suppress some cellulolytic bacteria, but not amylolytic bacteria, proteolytic bacteria, or acid-utilizing bacteria, it might improve utilization of high concentrate feed. The second part is an animal feeding experiment with 15 newborn calves randomly assigned to three groups: control group, 1x dose group, and 10x dose group. SurfactinLipopeptide was added into calves’ milk replacer to examine its effect on fecal microbiota, health status and growth performance. The results showed that surfactinlipopeptide only had a positive effect on the hip width, weight and hematocrit without any negative impact on calves. In summary, surfactinlipopeptide required a higher effective dosage than monensin, and its effect was weaker than monensin, but its advantage was free of drug residue problem. In the future, we need to find a way to increase the concentration of surfactinlipopeptide in crude extract, so that it can be used in diets with a smaller dosage and increase the feasibility of applying in the dairy industry. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/56428 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202001882 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物科學技術學系 |
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