李賀詩的「無理」之美──「文學時間」與「通感藝術」的觀察

Abstract

本論文以文學時間與通感藝術為主軸，為李賀詩的「無理」作一新的詮釋，旨在以現代美學理論角度，重新觀照李賀詩在中國古典詩歌中的特出之處，他的詩為何會被目為「無理」？為何形成如此艱澀的詩風？為何後人仍汲汲模仿其風格，對後代的詩歌美學造成極大影響？歷來評論家，只能從「無理」的角度來批評，說其優點「正在理外」，或者認為極不可取，但由於「無理」定義之模糊，雖由杜牧評論發源，卻形成各說各話的景況。擴充了李賀詩的詮釋空間，但李賀詩「無理」的理論定義、本質究竟為何，至今還是少人觸及的問題。 本論文以現代理論視野重新觀照李賀詩，挖掘並統整「無理」評論作為研究基底，定義「無理」，並為「無理」建立明確的理論意義，因而發現在李賀詩中，尚有不少從未被提及的「無理」內涵，主要呈現在寫作技巧之上，也就是本文作為兩大主軸的「文學時間」與「通感藝術」。文學時間與通感藝術，也是尚未被明確認知的理論，本論文透過理論的鋪陳、補充、再定義，確立了文學時間與通感藝術的理論內涵，並以此觀照李賀詩的寫作技巧，發覺李賀正是中國古典詩歌脈絡中第一個有意識使用文學時間與通感藝術的詩人，雖沒有建立理論，但卻有相當明確的實踐方法。故本論文即以文學時間與通感藝術作為兩大主軸，分章探討李賀詩寫作技巧的突出之處，最後再歸結為李賀詩的「無理」之美，形成完整的理論論述。 本論文建立的文學時間與通感藝術理論，並不限於李賀詩之研究，而具有文學研究的廣泛價值，之所以用這兩種理論來詮釋李賀詩，是因為發現李賀乃古代中國第一個全面使用此兩種技巧的詩人。故理論的架構有其特殊的意義，置於李賀詩研究中，其作品可以印證這兩種理論在古代中國詩歌的最初原貌，提供未來研究者發掘此技巧在後世的影響效果與理論發展，置於當代文學理論研究中，也為這兩種文藝理論奠下了發展的基礎。

This thesis centers Literature Time and Synesthesia, makes a new interpretation of the beauty of unreasonability of Li He's poetry from the opinion of modern aesthetics. Why was he deemed as a poet with “unreasonability”? Why did he have an obscure style? although that, why did many people after him imitated and copy his style for literature creation, and made a big influence on the development of poetry later. Critics of all time always said that “unreasonability” is Li He’s characteristic, someone said that his advantage is exactly “beyond reason”, but someone had opposite view. The reason of this argument comes from the ambiguous definition of “unreasonability” which started at Du Mu’s critic making a controversial situation, though this argument widens the range of interpretation of Li He’s poetry, but the definition and essence of “unreasonability” is still a debate without attention. This thesis reviews Li He’s poetry with modern literature theory vision, arranges reviews of “unreasonability” of Li He, and defines “unreasonability”, finds out that there were many ignored explanations in reviews about the skills of literature writing which links with Literature Time and Synesthesia. Literature Time and Synesthesia are also the theory without attention, through arranging and definition of Literature Time and Synesthesia, we finds out that Li He is the first poet consciously using the skills of Literature Time and Synesthesia in Chinese literature history, without any theory construction but clear practice. Making Literature Time and Synesthesia As the 2 main theme, this thesis discusses the skills of Li He’s poetry, and concludes on the beauty of “unreasonability”