吳經熊中國儒道思想與基督宗教靈修之研究

Abstract

本文討論吳經熊如何把中國先秦儒道思想與基督宗教之靈修做融會貫通。文中先從他的生命歷程切入敘述，聚焦他的靈修三階段發展。吳氏生命的轉折點緣於對小德蘭靈修的體悟，進而將愛的理論化為愛的哲學之實踐。 接著，對吳經熊的中國先秦儒道的主要概念進行解讀，系統化儒家的「天」、「人性」、「孝道」、「悅樂」等概念，以及道家的「道」、「悟道的聖人」、「生死智慧」等觀念，其後，探討吳經熊如何把中西兩大精神傳統的核心概念進行對談及融合貫通，並將這兩個傳統思維做一敘述與對照。由此可發現：在吳經熊的思想及體驗中，不論中西文化交流、哲學探究或宗教體驗，都能呈現在他「個人化的融合」，使他生命歷程更豐富、圓滿。 在吳經熊的時代，他面臨中國傳統文化受到西方文化的衝擊，他從自身的體驗提出中西文化思想的交流。然而，不同文化融合後，會失去各自文化、宗教或思想家的特色嗎？吳經熊的思想洞見是：欲達到中西方融合的境界，必須超越中西，而融合具有過程性、關係性，是個人或其文化、宗教、思想自我豐富的方式。

This article discusses how John C.H. Wu blends harmoniously between the thoughts of early Qin dynasty Chinese Confucianism/Taoism and the spirituality of Christianity. It starts from the description of John C.H. Wu’s life course, which is the process of the growth of his faith in which among them stands out the development of the three stages of his spirituality. However, the cause of his life’s turning point is his understanding of St. Thérèse of Lisieux’s spirituality. Then in order to decipher John C.H. Wu’s main concepts of Chinese early Qin dynasty Chinese Confucianism/Taoism, the Confucianism concepts such as “heaven,” “human nature,” “filial duty,” “joy”, as well as Taoism concepts of “Tao,” “attain enlightenment of holy people,” “life death wisdom”, etc. are systematized. Finally, a discussion of how John C.H. Wu uses the core concepts of Chinese and Western two great spiritual traditions undertake dialogue and harmonious blending, as well as how these two traditional thoughts can be described and contrasted. Thus, we can discover that in the thoughts and experience of John C.H. Wu, no matter it is Chinese or Western cultural exchange, philosophical inquiry, or religious experience, there appears in his “individualized fusion” that makes his life course much richer and fuller. During the time of John C.H. Wu, he confronted Chinese traditional culture as receiving shocks from Western culture. From his own experience he proposed the exchange of Chinese and Western cultural thoughts. However, after the fusion of different cultures, is it able to lose each culture, religion or thinkers’ characteristics? John C.H. Wu’s thoughts can see very clearly that wishing to attain the realm of Chinese and Western fusion must transcend the Chinese and Western realm, in which the fusion possesses the sense of process, relationship, individual, or culture, religion, thought, and the way of self enrichment.