基於公共自行車缺車缺位資訊的激勵方案：以台北市YouBike為例

Abstract

公共自行車甲租乙還的使用特性，易有缺車、缺位的情況，調度作業對於自行車、停車位的供需平衡有著重要作用，以公共自行車YouBike為例，調度作業由營運商主導。過去10年，有學者研究公共自行車「激勵方案」，將部分調度作業移轉給使用者，以提供折扣的方式，建議使用者到指定租賃站借車、還車，減低缺車、缺位的機率。 本研究取得「公共自行車YouBike即時資訊」自2019年8月1日至2020年1月31日的歷史資料，根據缺車、缺位總分鐘排序，整理出缺車顯著、缺位顯著的租賃站資料，另一方面，以問卷調查方式收集YouBike使用者對於激勵方案的意見。研究結果顯示，缺車顯著的租賃站主要分布在捷運站出口，缺車時段較為固定；缺位顯著的租賃站分布由捷運站出口擴展至學校、住宅區，缺位時段較為不固定。參考問卷調查結果，激勵方案的折扣金額設定為5~10元，劃定1公里範圍的支援租賃站，結合資料分析成果，探討方案的適用程度。

That renting from station A and returning to staion B is the using feature of Public Bicycle. Two situaions, such as no bike and no parking, always occur. Repositioning work plays an important role on the supply and demand balance of Public Bicycle. For instance, the repositioning work of YouBike are led by operator. In the past 10 years, some scholars have studied Incentive Scheme of public bicycle, which recommended users to borrow and return bicycles at assigned stations by providing discounts. Its aim is to reduce the occurrence of no bike and no parking space. This research obtained the historical data of YouBike Real-Time Information from August 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. According to the total minutes of no bike and no parking space, stations with significant no bike and no parking space were found. On the other hand, questionnaire was adopted to collect the opinions about Incentive Scheme from YouBike users. This research found that stations with significant no bike mainly located at MRT stations with a fixed time period; stations with significant no parking space extended from MRT station to schools and residential areas, the time period was less fixed. Based on the questionnaire, the discount was set between 5 to 10 dollars and the assistant stations were within the range of 1 km. Combined with the results of data analysis, discuss the applicability of the scheme.