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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54659完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳秋麟 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Li-Chen Cheng | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 鄭立誠 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T03:36:19Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2015-08-11 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2015-08-11 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2015-06-15 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | [1] M. H. Westbrook, “Automotive electronics,” Inst. Elect. Eng. Proc. A,, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 241-258, Jun. 1986.
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Burrow, “Review of power conditioning for kinetic energy harvesting systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 803-815, Feb. 2012. [29] J. Liang and W.-H. Liao, “Improved design and analysis of self-powered synchronized switch interface circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1950-1960, Apr. 2012. [30] N. Kong and D.-S. Ha, “Low-power design of a self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting system with maximum power point tracking,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.27, no.5, pp. 2298-2308, May 2012. [31] J. Dicken, P. D. Mitcheson, I. Stoianov, and E. M. Yeatman, “Power-extraction circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesters in miniature and low-power applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 11, pp.4514-4529, Nov. 2012. [32] A. Romani, M. Filippi, and M. Tartagni, “Micropower design of a fully autonomous energy harvesting circuit for arrays of piezoelectric transducers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29, no. 2, pp.729-739, Feb. 2014. [33] B. Ducharne, L. Garbuio, M. Lallart, D. Guyomar, G. Sebald, and J.-Y. Gauthier, “Nonlinear technique for energy exchange optimization in piezoelectric actuators,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 3941-3948, Aug. 2013. [34] Ballato, “Piezoelectricity: old effect, new thrusts,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 916-926, Sep. 1995. [35] A. Arnau, “Fundamental of piezoelectricity,” in Piezoelectric Transducers and Application, 2nd ed., Spain: Springer-Verlag, 2008. [36] IEEE Standard Definitions and Methods of Measurement for Piezoelectric Vibrators, IEEE Std. No. 177 , 1966. [37] IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity, IEEE Std. No. 176, 1987. [38] M. G. L. Roes, J. L. Duarte, M. A. M. Hendrix, and E. A. Lomonova,“Acoustic Energy Transfer: A Review,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 242-248, Jan. 2013. [39] M. K. Kazimierczuk and D. Czarkowski, Resonant Power Converter, 1st ed., Canada: John Wiley & Sons, 1995. [40] L. Zhu, K. Wang, F. C. Lee, and J.-S. Lai, “New start-up schemes for isolated full-bridge boost converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 946-951, Jul. 2003. [41] L. Zhu, “A Novel Soft-Commutating Isolated Boost Full-Bridge ZVS-PWM DC-DC Converter for Bidirectional High Power Applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 422-429, Mar. 2006. [42] S. Jalbrzykowski and T. Citko, “Current-fed resonant full-bridge boost DC/AC/DC converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1198-1205, Mar. 2008. [43] U. R. Prasanna and A. K. Rathore, “Extended range ZVS active-clamped current-fed full-bridge isolated DC/DC converter for fuel cell applications: Analysis, design, and experimental results,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no.7, pp.2661-2672, Jul. 2013. [44] H. S.-H. Chung, W.-L. Cheung, and K. S. Tang, “A ZCS bidirectional flyback DC/DC converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1426-1434, Nov. 2004. [45] T. Bhattacharya, V. S. Giri, K. Mathew, and L. Umanand, “Multiphase Bidirectional Flyback Converter Topology for Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 78-84, Jan. 2009. [46] P. Thummala, Z. Zhang, and M. A. E. Andersen, “High voltage Bi-directional flyback converter for capacitive actuator,” in Proc. European Power Electronics Conference (EPE), 2013, pp. 1-10. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54659 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本論文提出一主動減振控制方案，其適用於車用距離偵測系統之壓電換能器。近年來車用電子領域已日益受到重視。壓電換能器為此領域中一種重要的感測器，其利用超音波來偵測車輛周遭的物體以避免可能發生的碰撞。但是壓電換能器的偵測範圍會受到其本身機械振盪衰減速度的限制，故本論文希望藉由引入主動減振控制來提升此感測器振動的衰減速度。
發送超音波的過程包含了對壓電換能器的驅動以及減振。壓電換能器的最佳操作頻率可根據驅動電路的操作由其共振頻率來決定。此外，由於壓電換能器通常具有極高的頻率選擇性且其特性容易因環境變化而改變，使得要持續有效操作壓電換能器在同一頻率有所困難。因此壓電換能器在進行操作前需先行追蹤其共振頻率。 為了實踐所提出的主動減振控制方案，在本論文中製作了數個驅動電路。第一個電路使用方波電壓來驅動壓電換能器以追蹤其串聯共振頻率。第二個電路則是藉由偵測其可達到零電壓切換的頻率區間來追蹤並聯共振頻率。最後主動減振控制被實現於第三個電路中。透過實驗結果可知，藉由使用主動減振控制，壓電換能器振動衰減速率的理論時間常數可由368.86 μs 改善為117.37 μs。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This dissertation proposes an active damping control method for the piezoelectric transducer in a distance measurement system of a vehicle. In recent years, automotive electronics have become more and more popular and important. Among the devices of automotive electronics, the piezoelectric transducer is one of essential sensors. It utilizes ultrasound to detect the objects surrounding a vehicle to prevent possible collision. However, the detectable range of the measurement system with piezoelectric transducer is restricted by the decay rate of its mechanical vibration, and thus the active damping controls are introduced to enhance the decay rate of the vibration.
The process of transmitting ultrasound with active damping controls includes driving and damping a piezoelectric transducer. The optimum operating frequency of a piezoelectric transducer should be determined by the resonant frequencies according to the operation of the driving circuit. Moreover, because a piezoelectric transducer is usually highly frequency-dependent, and its characteristics are easily influenced by the variation of environment, it is difficult to continuously operate a piezoelectric transducer efficiently at a constant frequency. Therefore, the resonant frequencies of the piezoelectric transducer should be tracked before the transmitting process starts. To realize the proposed active damping controls on a piezoelectric transducer, several prototype driving circuits of the piezoelectric transducer were constructed. The first circuit drives the piezoelectric transducer with square-wave voltage to track the serial resonance frequency. As for the second circuit, the frequency at which zero-voltage-switch is achieved is detected to track the parallel resonance frequency. Finally, the active damping control is implemented in the third circuit to transmit ultrasound. The experimental results show that the theoretical time constant of the decay rate is improved from 368.86 μs to 117.37 μs with active damping control. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T03:36:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-104-F00943033-1.pdf: 3112360 bytes, checksum: c224b90cb670a2c62f2b4e11860dc846 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 I 摘要 II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF FIGURES IX LIST OF TABLES XIV Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System 2 1.3 Motivations and Objectives 4 1.4 Dissertation Organization 8 Chapter 2 Piezoelectric Transducer 9 2.1 Piezoelectricity 9 2.2 Equivalent Circuit 11 2.3 Resonance Frequencies 13 2.4 Applications in an Ultrasonic Measurement System 16 Chapter 3 Conventional Damping Control 19 3.1 Passive Damping 19 3.2 Active Damping 21 3.2.1 Synchronized Switch damping on Inductor (SSDI) 22 3.2.2 Synchronized Electrical Charge Extraction (SECE) 27 Chapter 4 Theoretical Analysis on Driving Methods 31 4.1 Driving with an Ideal AC Source 31 4.1.1 Ideal Sinusoidal Voltage Waveform 31 4.1.2 Ideal Sinusoidal Current Waveform 33 4.2 Driving with a Switching Power Supply 34 4.3 Harmonic Currents of the Pulse Waveform Driving 35 4.3.1 Pulse Current Waveform 36 4.3.2 Pulse Voltage Waveform 37 Chapter 5 Resonance-Frequency-Tracking Circuit for Low-Coupling-Coefficient Piezoelectric Transducers 39 5.1 Input Capacitance Compensation with Square Voltage Waveform 39 5.2 Circuit Implementation 42 5.2.1 Half-Bridge Inverter Configuration 42 5.2.2 Current Direction Sensing Circuit 43 5.3 Operation Principles 45 5.3.1 Key Waveforms 45 5.3.2 Tracking Strategy 45 5.4 Experimental Results 48 5.5 Summary 54 Chapter 6 Resonance-Frequency-Tracking Method for Current-Fed Piezoelectric Transducers 55 6.1 Resonance-Frequency Detection with Zero-Voltage-Switch Technique 55 6.1.1 Input Pulse Current and Mechanical Current 57 6.1.2 Boundary Condition of Achieving Zero-Voltage-Switch 58 6.1.3 Ideal Zero-Voltage-Switch Frequency Range 60 6.1.4 Comparison with Conventional Detecting Method 61 6.2 Circuit Implementation 63 6.2.1 Current-fed Inverter Topology 63 6.2.2 Configuration of Diodes 64 6.3 Operation Principles 66 6.3.1 Key Waveforms 66 6.3.2 Tracking Strategy 69 6.3.3 Power Losses Analysis 72 6.4 Experimental Results 73 6.5 Summary 81 Chapter 7 Realization of Active Damping Control 83 7.1 Analysis on the Proposed Active Damping Control Approach 83 7.1.1 Operation with Pulse Currents at Resonant Frequency 83 7.1.2 Effectiveness of the Proposed Active Damping Control 85 7.1.3 Phase Deviation of Active Damping Control 88 7.2 Bi-directional Flyback Converter Topology 88 7.3 Operation Principles 90 7.3.1 Driving Operation 91 7.3.2 Active Damping Operation 92 7.3.3 Determination of Operating Frequency 95 7.4 Experimental Results 96 7.5 Summary 104 Chapter 8 Conclusions and Future Work 106 8.1 Dissertation Conclusions 106 8.2 Future Work 108 Reference 109 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1.1 Configuration of an ultrasonic distance measurement system. 3 Fig. 1.2 Voltage waveform of a piezoelectric transducer as a transceiver in distance measurement system. 5 Fig. 2.1 Piezoelectric Effect. (a) Simple molecule model. (b) Molecule with pressure. (c) Material with pressure. 10 Fig. 2.2 Reverse piezoelectric effect. 11 Fig. 2.3 Equivalent circuit of a PT. (a) Original simple version. (b) Reflected version. 12 Fig. 2.4 Different vibration modes. 13 Fig. 2.5 Equivalent circuit with different resonant modes. 13 Fig. 2.6 Bode plot of the PT. 14 Fig. 2.7 Circle of (a) impedance. (b) admittance. 15 Fig. 2.8 Structure of a PT. 16 Fig. 2.9 Configuration of a PT as (a) a transmitter. (b) a receiver. 17 Fig. 3.1 Configuration of PT. (a) Open-circuit. (b) Short-circuit. 20 Fig. 3.2 Configurations of (a) serial-SSHI. (b) parallel-SSHI. 23 Fig. 3.3 Ideal waveform of (a) serial-SSHI. (b) parallel-SSHI. 24 Fig. 3.4 Configuration of SSDI. 26 Fig. 3.5 Ideal waveform of SSDI. 26 Fig 3.6 Different configurations of SECE. (a) Flyback converter. (b) Switch with an inductor. (c) Discharge through the short-circuited path. 28 Fig. 3.7 Operating waveforms of SECE. 29 Fig. 4.1 PT with a sinusoidal driving source. 32 Fig. 4.2 Pulse waveform. 36 Fig. 5.1 Driving waveforms at fs when Vin is (a) a sine wave. (b) a square wave. 40 Fig. 5.2 Ideal relationship between Vin and Im at (a) f < fs. (b) f > fs. 41 Fig. 5.3 Configuration of the proposed circuit. 42 Fig. 5.4 Configuration of current flowing direction sensing circuit. 43 Fig. 5.5 Parasitic components configuration. 44 Fig. 5.6 Key waveforms at (a) f < fs. (b) f > fs. 46 Fig. 5.7 Tracking flowchart. 47 Fig. 5.8 Prototype of the implemented circuit. (a) PT. (b) half-bridge inverter. (c) current sensing circuit. 48 Fig. 5.9 Waveforms for f < fs. 50 Fig. 5.10 Waveforms for f > fs. 51 Fig. 5.11 Resonant frequency tracked waveforms. 52 Fig. 5.12 Waveforms of the tracked frequencies: (a) 57.86 kHz (b) 58.03 kHz. 53 Fig. 6.1 Driving process of ZVS. 56 Fig. 6.2 Phase difference between Iin and Im. (a) fn = 1. (b) fn < 1. (c) fn > 1. 59 Fig. 6.3 Upper bound frequency versus quality factor and normalized current. 61 Fig. 6.4 Contour maps of characteristics of a PT. 62 Fig. 6.5 Topology of current-fed full-bridge inverter with the PT. 63 Fig. 6.6 Energy transfer in resonant tanks. 64 Fig. 6.7 Different configurations for blocking the reverse current. (a) Two diodes. (b) One diode. 65 Fig. 6.8 Key waveforms for proposed current-fed full-bridge inverter at fn = 1. 67 Fig. 6.9 Key waveforms at (a) fn < 1. (b) fn > 1. 67 Fig. 6.10 Operations in intervals (a) t0-t1. (b) t1-tu1. (c) tu1-t2. 69 Fig. 6.10 Operations in intervals (d) t2-t3. (e) t2a-t3. 70 Fig. 6.11 Tracking flowchart for microcontroller (MCU). 71 Fig. 6.12 Samples of PTs. 73 Fig. 6.13 Prototype of the proposed circuit and experimental setup. (a) Proposed transmitting circuit. (b) The PT as a transmitter. (c) The PT as a receiver. 74 Fig. 6.14 Measured waveforms at frequency detected for tmag = 2 μs. 76 Fig. 6.15 Receiving signal waveform. 77 Fig. 6.16 Resonant frequency tracking waveforms. 77 Fig. 6.17 Measured waveforms for different operating frequencies. (a) Lower than the ZVS region. (b) Higher than the ZVS region. 79 Fig. 6.18 Experimental results of operating frequency versus receiving voltage with different additional capacitances. 80 Fig. 7.1 The PT applied active damping control. (a) Configuration. (b) Ideal waveforms. 85 Fig. 7.2 Topology of the bi-directional flyback converter with the PT. 89 Fig. 7.3 Key waveforms in driving operation. 90 Fig. 7.4 Key waveforms in active damping operation. 91 Fig. 7.5 Driving operation in interval (a) ta0-ta1. (b) ta1-ta2. (c) ta2-ta3. (d) ta3-ta4. 93 Fig. 7.6 Active damping operation in interval (a) tb0-tb1. (b) tb1-tb2. (c) tb2-tb3. (d) tb3- tb4. 94 Fig. 7.7 Prototype of the implemented circuit. 97 Fig. 7.8 Measured waveforms in driving operation. 98 Fig. 7.9 Measured waveforms in active damping operation. 99 Fig. 7.10 (a) Waveforms in transmitting operation with active damping. (b) Enlarged waveform of VPT. 100 Fig. 7.11 (a) Waveforms in transmitting operation without active damping. (b) Enlarged waveform of VPT. 101 Fig. 7.12 Measured amplitude of VPT with active damping control. 103 LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1 Specification of the PT 49 Table 5.2 Part Number of the Components 49 Table 6.1 Specification of PTs 75 Table 6.2 Ideal Specification for Transmitting Circuit 75 Table 6.3 Parameters of PTs with Different Additional Capacitances 80 Table 7.1 Specification of PT 97 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 電流驅動轉換器 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 共振頻率追蹤 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 主動減振控制 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 壓電換能器 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 雙向能量傳送。 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | resonant frequency tracking | en |
| dc.subject | Piezoelectric transducer | en |
| dc.subject | active damping control | en |
| dc.subject | current-fed converter | en |
| dc.subject | bi-directional energy transferring. | en |
| dc.title | 壓電換能器之主動減振控制 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Active Damping Control of Piezoelectric Transducers | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 103-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 劉昌煥,林志隆,吳文中,羅有綱,李昆銘 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 壓電換能器,主動減振控制,共振頻率追蹤,電流驅動轉換器,雙向能量傳送。, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Piezoelectric transducer,active damping control,resonant frequency tracking,current-fed converter,bi-directional energy transferring., | en |
| dc.relation.page | 116 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2015-06-16 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 電機資訊學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 電子工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 電子工程學研究所 | |
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