依違於兩岸文學史的作家：錢歌川及其散文研究

Abstract

本論文以依違於兩岸文學史的散文家錢歌川為研究對象，旨在透過對其生平的梳理及其散文作品的分析，令這位無論是在當代臺灣還是中國大陸尚未為人周知的散文家進入文學史的研究視野，並試圖為此類游移於兩岸文學、歷史與政治的作家提供一種重新評價的可能。 錢歌川（1903年﹣1990年），生於湖南，留學日本，1930年代登陸上海文壇，既是散文作者，也是雜誌編輯；1947年渡海來臺，以英文系教授立身，留下大量散文創作；1964年後旅居新加坡、美國等地，筆耕不輟。他的生命歷程極富流動性，連結了戰前與戰後、大陸與臺灣、中國與海外等時空，然而其大量的散文創作卻未能得到與其文學成就相應的關注。為此，本論文借鏡文學社會學的研究方法，藉由對其生平資料及散文創作的梳理，檢視錢歌川在大陸與臺灣的文學表現，還原錢歌川在兩岸寫作及發表散文的文學場域，凸顯錢歌川延續五四啟蒙精神又充滿個人風格之散文成就，並從此一崇尚道德教化、個人啟蒙的創作理念來理解錢歌川這樣「不左不右」的知識份子，在不同政治氛圍中如何運用散文這一靈活的文體與時代對話。最後，本研究提出以「民國文學機制」來定位錢歌川及其散文創作的框架，透過錢歌川來梳理臺灣文學史與中國現當代文學史的捍格與錯位，試圖開啟兩岸文學史對話的新空間，從而為兩岸文學史定位此類具有相似背景的作家提供一種借鏡的可能。

This thesis is a study on Chien Go-chuan whose life and works expanded between Mainland China and Taiwan. By analyzing his biography and his works, this thesis aims to bring this less-studied figure into the field of literary studies, and provide a possibility of re-evaluating similar writers who are caught between literature, history and politics across the Taiwan Strait. Chien Go-chuan (1903-1990) was born in Hunan. He went to study in Japan, and later debuted on the Shanghai literary circle in the 1930s. He worked both as an essayist and a magazine editor. Chien Go-chuan came to Taiwan in 1947. He worked as an English professor for living, and left a bound of essays. He travelled to Singapore, US and other countries after 1964, and continued his creations. His vagabond life connected the time and space between Mainland, Taiwan and overseas. However, his works remained less studied. This thesis borrows methodologies from literature sociology. Using his biography and essays, this thesis examines his literary performance in Mainland China and Taiwan, and unveils the literary fields he was in. This thesis wants to show how Chien Go-chuan continued the enlightenment spirits of May Fourth, while injected his personal characteristics into his essays. On the other hand, to understand Chien Go-chuan, an intellectual who is politically neutral, from his dedication to edification and individualistic approach to enlightenment is also the concern of this thesis. Lastly, this thesis proposes a 'Mechanism of Republican Literature', and uses it to locate Chien Go-chuan and his essays. The analysis of Chien Go-chuan Chien Go-chuan works as an example through which we could find out the difference and sameness of Taiwanese literature and contemporary Chinese literature. It also establishes a space for the histories of these two literatures to communicate with each other, as well as examines the development and boundary of the framework of 'Republican Literate' so as to serve as a point of reference for writers who share similar backgrounds.