詮釋資料建置方法－以臺灣政府開放資料為例

Abstract

隨著美國、英國、歐洲各國推動開放資料的腳步，臺灣政府於2013年推出政府資料開放平臺(data.gov.tw)上線提供民眾使用。從使用者的觀點而言，目前開放資料釋出的最主要實務障礙之一，就是如何取用到合適的資料集，但目前關於開放資料的詮釋資料格式文獻缺乏、利用詮釋資料來管理政府開放資料的相關文獻也稀少。因此，本研究以此為主題，結合不同的架構，建立一套臺灣政府開放資料所專屬之詮釋資料，統整建構流程與考量因素提供給政府機關做為未來開放資料時的參考，並協助其他種類詮釋資料之建置，以及開放資料推廣與取用。 承襲上述理念，本研究綜整美國、英國、加拿大開放資料之詮釋資料（共5份架構），經由11位政府承辦人員與資訊人員的訪談、涉及10份資料集、收集了11份詮釋資料試填，修訂成最後31個建議欄位。 本研究之研究成果包含：（一）整合不同詮釋資料類型，並與各國開放資料現況對照，歸納出開放資料可能較為重要與相關的詮釋資料類型。（二）綜整各學者的詮釋資料類型與建構歷程，並融合實務現況建議，提出新的整合架構。（三）提出符合臺灣政府開放資料的31個建議欄位，可作為未來政府改善詮釋資料的參考。（四）深入公部門了解開放資料推動之現況與困境，針對欄位設計細節、開放資料推動現況、與公務體系文化提出相關建議，促使政府主責機關正視基層承辦人員的不同意見，以期協助改善未來政府開放資料平臺實務推動。

In recent years, open government data has become an important movement among government administrations around the world. Following the pace of other countries, Taiwan government also launched its official open data portal (data.gov.tw) in April 2013. However, one of the challenges of open government data is to help users understand and retrieve datasets. Particularly, this challenge results from the lack of appropriate metadata schema. Currently, there is very limited research focusing on metadata of open government data. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the construction of metadata schema for open government data in Taiwan, and several frameworks of metadata construction and related influential factors are also taken into consideration in this development process. Speifically, the research adopts and compares five metadata schemas of the U.S., the British, and Canada to produce a preliminary framework. This preliminary framework is then empirically tested by eleven government officials from different agencies in Taiwan. The eleven officials use respective datasets to thoroughly check the appropriateness of the preliminary metadata framework. According to the interviewees’ suggestions, the framework is further modified and ends up having thirty-one fields. There are four contributions in this research. First, metadata schemas of different countries, including the U.S., the British, and Canada, are analyzed and compared. Second, various steps and influential factors of metadata construction are discussed to form an integrated perspective guiding the research. Third, a specific metadata schema for open government data is proposed for Taiwan government. Lastly, practical implications are also discussed to provide insights to practitioners.