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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 翁德怡(Te-I Weng) | |
dc.contributor.author | Chia-Lien Chiang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 江佳蓮 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T03:05:14Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-09-25 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2015-09-25 | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2015-06-29 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. 台灣南投地方法院。100年度。臺灣南投地方法院刑事判決[重訴字,第6號]。
2. 行政院勞工委員會。2000。行政院勞工委員會採樣分析建議方法,CLA1007,2-氯乙醇。 3. 行政院環境保護署。94年5月。危害性化學物質災害緊急處理手冊。 4. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所(NIEA)。99年。水中鹵乙酸與得拉本檢測方法—液相-液相微萃取/氣相層析儀/電子捕捉偵測器法。NIEA W538.51B:中華民國99年11月16日環署檢字第0990103569號公告。 5. 林嘉興。1988。葡萄休眠與催芽技術。葡萄生產技術特刊14:189-196。 6. 詹雅玲。95年。以固相微萃取建立水中三鹵甲烷及鹵乙酸之同步分析方法,中國醫藥大學碩士論文。 7. Armbruster, D. A., M. D. Tillman, L. M. Hubbs, 1994. Limit of detection (LQD)/limit of quantitation (LOQ): comparison of the empirical and the statistical methods exemplified with GC-MS assays of abused drugs. Clin Chem.40(7 Pt 1): 1233-1238. 8. Salih, B. and Ö Çelikbıçak, 2012. Gas Chromatography in plant science, wine technology, toxicology and some specific applications. InTech, chapter 10. 9. Cardador M. J. and M. Gallego, 2012. Development of a method for the quantitation of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoacetic acids in alcoholic beverages. J Agric Food Chem. 60(3):725-730. 10. Cardador M. J., A. Serrano and M. Gallego, 2008. Simultaneous liquid-liquid microextraction/methylation for the determination of haloacetic acids in drinking waters by headspace gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A.1209(1-2):61-69. 11. Chen Y. T., J. W. Liao and D. Z. Hung, 2010. Protective effects of fomepizole on 2-chloroethanol toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 29(6):507-512. 12. CLSI, 2007. Mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory: general principles and guidance. CLSI document C50-A. 27(24). 13. Deng J. F., C. C. Yang, W. J. Tsai, J. Ger and ML Wu, 2001. Acute ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning: experience of a poison control center. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 39(6):587-593. 14. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft , 2012. 2-Chloroehanol. The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. Wiley-VCH. (5):65-73. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/3527600418.mb10707e0005/pdf 15. Dierker H . and P. G. Brown, 1944. Study of a fatal case of ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning. J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 26:277-279. 16. Tateo F. and M. Bononi, 2006. Determination of ethylene chlorohydrin as marker of spices fumigation with ethylene oxide. J Food Compost Anal. 19:83-87. 17. Ferrari L. A., J. M. Triszcz and L. Giannuzzi, 2006. Kinetics of ethanol degradation in forensic blood samples. Forensic Sci Int. 161(2-3):144-150. 18. George S. E., G. M. Nelson, A. E. Swank, L. R. Brooks, K. Bailey, M. George and A. DeAngelo, 2000. The disinfection by-products dichloro-, dibromo-, and bromochloroacetic acid impact intestinal microflora and metabolism in Fischer 344 rats upon exposure in drinking water. Toxicol Sci. 56(2):282-289. 19. Goldblatt M. W.and W. E. Chiesman, 1944. Toxic Effects of Ethylene Chlorohydrin. Br J Ind Med. 1(4):207-223. 20. Kato J, T Dote, H Shimizu, Y Shimbo, M Fujihara and K Kono, 2006. Lethal acute lung injury and hypoglycemia after subcutaneous administration of monochloroacetic acid. Toxicol Ind Health .22(5):203-209. 21. Kolb B. and L. S. Ettre, 2005. Static headspace-gas chromatography: theory and pratice, 2nd ED, Wiley. 22. Johnson M. K., 1975. Letter: Ethylene chlorohydrin intoxication. Arch Dis Child. 50(3):250. 23. NCCLS, 2002. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation of durgs; approved guideline. NCCLS document C43-A. 22(22). 24. Needleman S. B. and R. W. Romberg, 1990. Limits of linearity and detection for some drugs of abuse. J Anal Toxicol. 14(1):34-38. 25. NIOSH, 1994. NIOSH Manual of analytical methods, 1th ed. Method 2513. 26. Sakai A, H Shimizu, K Kono and E Furuya, 2005. Monochloroacetic acid inhibits liver gluconeogenesis by inactivating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Chem Res Toxicol. 18(2):277-282. 27. Sigma-Aldrich, 2012. MSDS of 2-chloroethanol http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=TW&language=en&productNumber=48085&brand=SUPELCO&PageToGoToURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fsearch%3Fterm%3D2-chloroethanol%26interface%3DAll%26N%3D0%26mode%3Dmatch%2520partialmax%26lang%3Den%26region%3DTW%26focus%3Dproduct 28. U.S.EPA, 2006. Volatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). US Environmental Protection Agency Method 8260C, revision 3. 29. U.S.EPA, 2003. Determination of Haloacetic Acid and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Liquid-Lquid Microextraction, Derivatization, and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector. Method 552.3. 30. Urbansky ET, 2000. Techniques and methods for the determination of haloacetic acids in potable water. J Environ Monit. 2(4):285-291. 31. Van Rillaer W. G. and H. Beenaert, 1982. Determination of residual ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) in fumigated foodstuffs by glass capillary gas chromatography. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 175:175-178. 32. Wasfi I. A., A. H. Al-Awadhi, Z. N. Al-Hatali, F. J. Al-Rayami and N. A. Al Katheeri, 2004. Rapid and sensitive static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of ethanol and abused inhalants in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 799(2):331-336. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54573 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 2-氯乙醇(CAS 107-07-3)是台灣農民常用於葡萄催芽之用的試劑,雖因毒性強烈被禁用,但因比49 %氰滿素效果較佳且費用便宜,還是常被農民非法使用,因此常有誤食或工作接觸造成意外中毒的事件。民國100年南投縣發生因感情糾紛而使用2-氯乙醇毒殺,造成4人死亡的謀殺案件,從屍體中檢測出2-氯乙醇成為重要的法庭證據。
因2-氯乙醇並非一般常規篩檢毒物,目前並沒有標準方法可以檢測血中濃度,因此我們使用HS-GC/MS系統並以1-pentanol為內標準品建立全血中2-氯乙醇的檢測方法,此方法利用選擇性離子方法以定量(m/z 31)與定性離子(m/z 49, 80)測得2-氯乙醇之偵測極限為1 μg/mL,定量極限為5 μg/mL,靈敏度佳且線性關係良好(在5-200 μg/mL之間可得r2=0.999)、易於操作。 為得知其穩定度,以EDTA抗凝固劑管採取10位自願者血液,將血液檢體每組配製10 μg/mL與100 μg/mL二種濃度,分二組分別置於室溫及4℃二種不同儲存溫度的環境下儲存,觀察不同時間點對於2-氯乙醇穩定度之影響。結果顯示10 μg/mL濃度2-氯乙醇於血液檢體中從第0週到第12週不論是儲存於4℃或室溫條件下都沒有明顯下降趨勢,4℃平均為10.6 μg/mL (SD 0.86),室溫平均為10.5 μg/mL (SD 0.62);100 μg/mL濃度2-氯乙醇血液檢體則是在4℃儲存條件下沒有明顯下降(平均93.6 μg/mL,SD 5.37),但儲存於室溫的檢體從第0週到第6週都還保持穩定,但第9週起就降低到78.3 μg/mL,第12週則為83.4 μg/mL。 2-氯乙醇的代謝途徑為經酒精脫氫酶氧化成為氯乙醛後,再經乙醛脫氫酶代謝為氯乙酸。為證實2-氯乙醇中毒,除2-氯乙醇外尚須檢驗其代謝物氯乙酸的濃度,參考檢測水質中氯乙酸方法,同時考慮時間與操作簡易性,挑選以液相-液相微萃取法/甲基化,在室溫下震盪三分鐘即可萃取氯乙酸,同時將氯乙酸衍生為甲基化酯類以HS-GC/MS偵測,並同時偵測2-氯乙醇。於本實驗方法中可同時於水中驗出這二種物質,但血液檢體,還有其LOD、LOQ、衍化率等均需再進一步評估。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | 2-chloroethanol (2-CE, ethylene chlorohydrin, CAS 107-07-3) is a chemical once widely used in hastening grape vine sprouting among Taiwanese farmers. Due to its severe toxicity upon acute exposure, such use of 2-CE is now prohibited in Taiwan. However, because of its superior potency and cheaper price compared to 49% cyanamide, 2-CE is still being illegally used by some farmers, so cases of poisoning due to accidental ingestions or occupational exposures were reported from time to time. In 2011, a man murdered his ex-girlfriend with 2-CE due to an emotional entanglement in Nantou County; four persons died in this case, and the detection of 2-CE from the corpses was an important forensic evidence.
To date, there are no standardized methods for the detection and quantification of 2-CE in human blood, because it is not a routinely-screened toxin. We developed a sensitive and specific method by employing static headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) for the quantitative determination of 2-CE in whole blood sample using 1-pentanol as internal standard. It was performed using selected ion monitoring (SIM) with quantitative ion (m/z 31) and qualitative ion (m/z 49, 80). We found that the method produced results with good linearity (r2=0.999, in the concentration range of 5-200 μg/mL), is sensitive (with the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation as 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively), and is easy to operate. To evaluate the stability of 2-CE, whole human blood samples were taken from 10 volunteers (with EDTA added as anticoagulant), and two different concentrations of 2-CE solutions (10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL) were prepared from each sample. They were further divided into two groups, with one group stored at 4℃ and another stored at room temperature until analyzed in triplicate by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). After twelve weeks, the result showed that there were no significant alterations in the concentrations of the 10 μg/mL 2-CE solutions, whether stored at 4℃ (average 10.6 μg/mL with SD 0.86) or room temperature (average 10.5 μg/mL with SD 0.62). In the 100 μg/mL 2-CE solutions, no significant alterations of the concentrations were noticed when stored at 4℃ (average 93.6 μg/mL with SD 5.37); however, when stored at room temperature, it decreased significantly to 78.3 μg/mL in the 9th week and to 83.4 μg/mL in the 12th week. 2-chloroethanol has been assumed to be metabolized to chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) via alcohol dehydrogenase, and then to chloroacetae (CA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Both 2-CE and its metabolites should be detected in order to prove that it’s indeed 2-CE poisoning. Looking to the method of determining CA concentration in water for inspiration, we developed a simple and quick way that combines simultaneous liquid-liquid microextraction/methylation and HS-GC/MS for quantification of CA and 2-CE concentrations. Methylation and derivatization were completed in 3 minutes by shaking at room temperature. The methyl ester derivatives and the organic phase were completely volatilized by static headspace technique, and then analyzed by GC/MS. It seems that the concentrations of CA and 2-CE could be simultaneously determined in water, but further evaluations of LOD, LOQ, linearity and yield rate of the method in blood samples are still needed. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T03:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-104-R99452003-1.pdf: 968164 bytes, checksum: 574c5030523706791d81fea220c7df0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 i
目 錄 ii 圖 目 錄 iii 表 目 錄 iv 誌謝 v 中文摘要 vi English Summary vii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1. 題目定義 1 1.2. 研究動機 1 1.3. 文獻綜覽 4 1.3.1. 2-氯乙醇 4 1.3.2. 代謝物氯乙酸 7 第二章 材料與方法 9 2.1. 實驗材料 9 2.2. 實驗儀器設備 10 2.3. 2-氯乙醇實驗方法 10 2.4. 氯乙酸與2-氯乙醇同步分析之實驗方法 11 第三章 2-氯乙醇實驗結果 14 3.1. 實驗條件設定 14 3.2. 實驗確效 21 3.3. 檢體分析 34 3.3.1. 儲存於4℃之2-氯乙醇穩定度測試 34 3.3.2. 儲存於室溫之2-氯乙醇穩定度測試 34 第四章 氯乙酸實驗結果 42 第五章 討論 48 5.1. 2-氯乙醇方法建立 48 5.2. 2-氯乙醇穩定性 51 5.3. 同步偵測2-氯乙醇與其代謝物氯乙酸的可行性 52 參考文獻 53 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 2-氯乙醇於全血中的穩定度測試 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Stability of 2-Chloroethanol in whole blood | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 103-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 彭福佐,洪東榮 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 氣相層析質譜儀,2-氯乙醇,穩定度,人類全血,氯乙酸, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | HS-GC/MS,2-chloroethanol,stability,human whole blood,chloroacetic acid, | en |
dc.relation.page | 55 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2015-06-29 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 法醫學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 法醫學科所 |
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