請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54524
標題: | 中國勞動成本上漲對台灣電子代工企業影響之個案研究 A Case Study on the Impact of the Rising Wages and Worker Shortage in Mainland to Taiwanese Contract Manufacturers |
作者: | Hsuan-Po Yin 尹鏇博 |
指導教授: | 李吉仁 |
關鍵字: | 電子製造代工,價值鏈,勞動力成本,自動化, Original Equipment Manufacturer,Value Chain,Labor Cost,Automation, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 台灣製造業廠商從扮演國際產業水平分工中的代工的角色,慢慢地積累低成本效率製造的能量,而過去二十年,更憑藉著中國這個世界工廠為跳板,透過兩岸分工的模式運作,逐漸從低技術勞力密集的區塊往中高技術勞力密集的區塊移動。然而,中國經濟因發展迅速也導致基本工資逐年上調,製造業的勞動成本在過去的二十年裡幾乎以三級跳的速度在上揚,再加上一胎化政策,也促使中國在2012 年出現勞動力負成長的拐點。在成本上揚及勞工短缺的中國,台灣製造企業該如何思考是否將製造基地搬移中國,或以加速自動化因應此一衝擊,成為本研究擬以系統性探索回應的焦點。
本研究認為,隨著全球化發展,價值鏈各環節所創造的利潤差異越來越大,處於低附加價值位置的製造業,勢必往價值鏈兩端移動轉型。但是,轉型升級是一條漫長的路,在成功轉型到高附加價值模式前,考量未來全球最大的市場仍在中國,未來的製造中心仍會設定在中國,面對中國工資上漲與勞動力短缺兩大問題,以製造為主的台灣企業應該及早發展有效的因應對策。 為了解決這兩大問題,本文從勞動的供需結構、勞動力流動形成的轉換成本、勞動力個人的職業發展,以及可行的自動化方案等不同面向進行分析,一方面研究歐洲、美國及日本的製造業,如何藉由提升自動化生產的比例提升企業競爭力;另一方面,在自動化設備未全盤取代勞動力前,如何從了解市場需求、確保供給、多方面進行勞動力來源取得及維持等方向解決工資上漲及勞動力短缺兩大問題,以提升企業的競爭力。本研究以台達電子的轉型升級為研究案例,對其在轉型升級過程中如何打造從供應端到客戶端的整體營運平台、建立員工職業發展平台,以及導入自動化方案,得以順利度過轉型升級的陣痛期,為台灣企業的轉型升級提供一個可學習的範本。 本研究並認為價值鏈的解析在策略形成過程中扮演重要的角色,企業需依照其在價值鏈前、中、後端的定位,設定資源的類型與能量,逐步建立從資源的獲取到產生效益的過程。在企業開始進行轉型升級,投入資源進行前端的品牌建立的同時,持續深耕精良製造,仍是整體競爭力的關鍵。 Benefit from the increasing standardization and horizontal specialization in the global electronics industries during the past thirty years, especially in the personal computer related hardware sectors, Taiwan electronics manufacturers have experienced a phenomenon growth and have become a global manufacturing base for the world market. Key to the formation of this manufacturing power is the abundant low cost labors supplied in China during the past twenty years. However, China’s labor costs no longer cheap due to increasing demand and supply shortage. Plus, labor shortage easily occurs after Chinese New Year break. Such cost pressures and operational uncertainty either force companies to relocate manufacturing sites beyond China or induce more companies to find feasible ways to conquer. Responding to this critical challenge, this thesis initiates a systematic analysis and provides useful suggestions especially to Taiwanese contract manufacturing companies in China. Our systematic analyses starts from understanding the demand and supply structure on labors for China production. We then benchmark the evolutionary development of manufacturing industries in Europe, America and Japan and learn their experiences in developing production automation. With these explorations, we conduct a case study on Delta China, a worldwide leading design and manufacturing company in switching power supply products, to learn how they manage labor costs rising and supply shortage issues during the past decade. Our research findings suggest that, although transformation based on value-up and competence upgrading are imperative to long-term competitiveness, strategically managing labor cost rising and supply shortages is a vital part for successful transformation. Delta’s experience suggests the usefulness of expanding the value chain scope for value-added manufacturing services and eventually creating an end-to-end service platform upon which the manufacturing competitiveness can be based. In addition, providing employee career development programs and investing in factory automation can further sustain the competitiveness. Implications of our research explorations are also discussed. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54524 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 臺大-復旦EMBA境外專班 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-104-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.64 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。