台灣農家婦女留農意願及相關因素之研究—計畫行為理論之應用

Abstract

過去一些有關農民選擇的研究，都將農民的背景因素（教育程度、收入、農場規模等）視為影響農民選擇的重要因素。雖然背景因素是影響農民選擇的因素之一，但是農民的態度、價值觀對於農民選擇的影響更大。為了彌補過去研究的不足，本研究援引Ajzen的計畫行為理論來解釋可能影響農民務農選擇的因素，並同時比較態度等心理因素和背景因素的影響力高低。本研究利用農會講習會時，在高雄市五農業鄉鎮成功回收了250份關於農家婦女對於留在農村務農的看法之問卷。結果發現，只考慮農民背景變項對留農意願的影響時，家庭所得、家中子女數、農場面積、擁有農機數會影響農家婦女的務農意願，整體迴歸模式解釋力為0.283。但若進一步納入農民的心理變項後，態度、知覺到的行為控制、教育程度、家中人口數、農場面積與擁有農機數會影響受訪農家婦女的務農意願，整體模式解釋力上升到0.849。代表心理變項確實是影響這批農家婦女留在農村務農意願的主要因素。本研究也根據研究結果提供相關單位降低農家婦女務農問題與提高務農意願的建議。

This research looked into previous literature regarding the intention of farming. To understand and predict Female Taiwanese farmers’ intention of farming, this study assessed participants’ behavior determinants based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. An extra variable—background variable—was also added to the model. The study interviews 250 female farmers from farming class held by Agriculture Associations in Kaohsiung city. The results show below. (a) The regression model I. Home income, the number of children, the scale of farm, the number of agriculture machine predict participants’ intention of farming when the main variable is background variable. The R square is 0.283. (b) The regression mode II. Except background variable, this study put psychology variable into the regression model. Attitude, perceived behavioral control, education, the number of home people, the scale of farm and the number of machine predict participants’ intention of farming. The R square increases to 0.849. Obviously, the psychology variable is the main variable to predict participants’ intention of farming. Implications regarding how to increase the female farmers’ intention of farming and how to decrease the problems of farming are discussed.