國中生身體意象、人際關係、飲食行為與飲食失序之關係研究

Abstract

摘 要 背景 青少年飲食失序(Disordered Eating)問題短期造成肥胖與營養不良，長期造成心理與飲食障礙症等。大部分飲食障礙症(Eating Disorder)起因於飲食失序，發病於青春期。 故本研究以國中時期之青少年為主要研究對象，研究主要目的是整合取青少年飲食失序有關之個人因素與環境因素的社會生態模式建構。探討國中生飲食失序問題，並檢視與家庭、學校與社會有關之生態影響因素，故分別探討自我身體意象、人際關係(家庭與同儕)與飲食行為對青少年飲食失序之相關研究。 目的 瞭解國中生青少年飲食失序之現況，以及國中生身體意象、班級內孤立程度、人際關係(家人關係與班級內同儕關係)、飲食行為對飲食失序之影響，以期提供政府學校單位健康促進與輔導之參考。 方法 本研究以立意取樣的方式招募42個國中班級之研究樣本，有效樣本數為878位國中學生。以自陳問卷方式了解樣本背景基本人口學變項、身體意象、以班級內同儕互評的方式了解青少年在班級內是否為孤立者、人際關係(家庭層面與學校層面)、飲食行為與飲食失序。 結果 本研究發現國中生飲食失序和國中生自我身體意象為肥胖、班級內人際關係為孤立者與青少年是否來自外籍配偶家庭有顯著相關。 結論 青少年飲食失序與青少年接觸到的社會、學校同儕與家庭環境有關，如何從社會、學校與家庭內施力使力，建立青少年健康飲食習慣與態度，是我們值得深思與共同努力的目標。 關鍵字 飲食失序、飲食障礙症、青少年、人際關係、同儕關係、身體意象

Abstract Background Disordered eating (DE) among adolescents includes diet restriction, compulsive eating, diet skipping, and the use of medication. Short-term health risks are associated with obesity and malnutrition. Adolescents with DE are at risk of long-term eating disorders and mental health. Most eating disorders result from DE, which begin during adolescence. The current research aims to investigate personal and environmental factors relating to DE habits among a sample of junior high school students. Additionally, the research also examines the students’ perceived body image, students’ dietary behaviors, and students’ interpersonal relationships with family, peers, school, and the society. Objective To understand the current situation on DE (diet restriction, compulsive eating, diet skipping, and the use of medication) among adolescents, as well as to study the impact of peer relationships on DE. Sample Purposive sampling was used to recruit 40 classes (a total of 878 samples) from three junior high schools in New Taipei City. Method Self-reported questionnaires were used to understand demographics, in-class peer networks, and other relative behaviors among the sample of junior high school students. Result Adolescent DE has is significantly related to their own body image of obesity, isolation in class, and the family composition with foreign spouses. Conclusion An adolescent’s DE is closely related to the society, the school and the peers they interact with every day. Long-term issues and goals is to focus on building up healthy eating habits and attitudes for adolescents, which requires cooperation from family, school, and the society. Keywords Disordered eating, Eating disorder, Adolescence, Interpersonal Relationship, Body Image