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標題: | 糠醛轉換為呋喃的程序最適化設計和控制 Optimal Design and Control of a Process to Produce Furan from Furfural |
作者: | Tzu-Yu Huang 黃姿瑜 |
指導教授: | 吳哲夫(Jeffrey D. Ward) |
關鍵字: | 糠醛,?喃,反應蒸餾,程序設計,最適化,程序控制, Furfural,Furan,Reactive distillation,Process design,Optimization,Process control, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 糠醛是第二代生質能源材料的重要中間產物,而糠醛可以反應成許多不同的化合物,其中一種產物就是呋喃。呋喃是化學合成中重要的反應物,他可生成許多不同化合物。
在這篇論文中所討論的反應為,糠醛分解成呋喃和一氧化碳。此反應假設發生在攝氏158度,根據反應物和產物沸點,為液相反應。因反應溫度遠高於全部產物的沸點,所以當它們一生成,就馬上氣化,而氣體會進入蒸餾塔。因此在反應器中,只有糠醛,沒有其他物質。那麼此反應速率可以視為只和溫度有關。在熱力學模型上是使用非隨機兩液體(NRTL)來建立氣液相平衡參數,而缺少的參數用基團貢獻法(UNIFAC)來計算。 程序設計是參考Zeitsch, K. J., (The Chemistry and Technology of Furfural and its Many By-Products; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000, 281, 156-158)。用Aspen Plus V8.4軟體模擬其程序後,發現有4個可能可以改良程序的機會,因此每一個都會被仔細分析討論: (1)吸收塔的操作 (2)反應蒸餾塔的側取餾出物的組成 (3)水要如何從程序中移除 (4)反應蒸餾塔的冷卻氣溫度 最後,當決定最佳程序設計後,會開始決定程序的控制架構。此篇論文有兩個相似的控制架構。其中一個是進料不含水,此動態模擬結果顯示,當產量增加20% 和減少20% 時,程序被控制非常良好。另一個是進料含水,而此動態模擬結果顯示,當進料中水的組成提升為0.3 mass% 和下降為0.1 mass% 時,程序被控制非常良好。 Furfural is an important platform for second-generation biomass utilization processes. Furan is one of the major products produced from furfural, and it is an important starting material in chemical synthesis. The reaction studied in this work is the decomposition of furfural into carbon monoxide and furan. The reaction is assumed to take place in the liquid phase at 158 °C. This temperature is well above the boiling point of both products, and so they readily vaporize. The vapor stream enters a distillation column. The reactor contains essentially only furfural and no other species. Therefore, we can consider the reaction rate to dependent only on temperature. The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient is used to model the vapor-liquid equilibrium and missing parameters are estimated with UNIFAC. The process design is based on one presented by Zeitsch, K. J., (The Chemistry and Technology of Furfural and its Many By-Products; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000, 281, 156-158). After the Zeitsch’s flowsheet was constructed in Aspen Plus V8.4, there are four potential opportunities for process improvement are that investigated in detail: (1) operation of the absorption tower (2) the reactive distillation side stream composition (3) how water should be removed from the process (4) the reactive distillation condenser temperature. After determination the best design of process, the control structure is designed. Two similar control structure. One is feed without water and the dynamic simulations show that the process is well-controlled for production rate changes of +/−20%. Another is feed with water and the dynamic simulations show that the process is well-controlled for composition of water in the feed changes of 0.3 mass% and 0.1 mass%. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/53082 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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