因應風格、自我效能感與社會支持對於高壓力下之宗教因應的影響

Abstract

宗教信仰是重要的社會文化資產，同時深深影響人類的生活方式。其中，當個體嘗試透過尋求神祇、超越力量等靈性資源來理解、處理壓力情境時，則稱之為宗教因應。近年來，國外研究對於宗教變項與壓力適應、健康之間的關係已有大量的實徵資料，但對於個體選擇尋求靈性資源協助的前置因子卻仍少探究，而國內之相關研究則仍處起步階段。因此，本研究有兩個目的：（一）翻譯Pargament（2000）等人所編製的宗教因應量表（RCOPE），建立測量台灣人宗教因應程度的工具；（二）初探個人之宗教相關變項、宗教因應風格、因應自我效能感與社會支持，對處於高壓力情境下個體的宗教因應反應是否存在影響。本研究以163位台灣某大學學生為樣本，採橫斷式研究設計，透過結構式問卷蒐集受試者之「基本資料」、「因應自我效能感」、「社會支持」、「宗教因應風格」與「高壓力特定情境下之宗教因應」。結果如下：（一）量表具有好的內部一致性（α = .96 ~ .97）與再測信度（r = .90 ~ .92），而探索性因素分析發現宗教因應量表存在積極（對靈性資源的信任、有安全感之表現）與消極（對靈性資源關係的懷疑、不確定感之表現）兩個因素，與國外文獻相同；（二）高壓力情境下之宗教因應與宗教虔誠、宗教主觀重要性、因應風格有顯著正相關，而與因應自我效能感、社會支持無關；（三）因應自我效能感、社會支持與消極宗教因應有顯著負相關。結果支持個體使用宗教因應的程度與信仰的主觀重要性、虔誠程度、因應風格存在關聯，而中文化宗教因應量表將有助於進行後續之相關研究。

Religion is an important assets in human society, and could deeply influence human lifestyle. When a person cope with stressors through asking God’s help, it is here called “Religious coping”. Recently, researchers have confirmed the relation between health and religious coping, but what antecedents induce people turning to God for help remains unclear. There are two purpose of the present study: (1) To translate the RCOPE scale(Pargament, 2000) in to Chinese version for Taiwanese; (2) To see if religiosity, religious coping style, coping self-efficacy and social support, could influence religious coping. Questionnaires included measures of personal variables, religious coping style(Chinese version of RCOPE), coping self-efficacy(CSE) and social support(ISSB), and religious coping(Chinese version of RCOPE), and were completed by 163 college students. Exploratory factor analysis of the Chinese version of RCOPE yield two factors, which called positive religious coping and negative religious coping. Meanwhile, the Chinese version of RCOPE showed good internal consistency(α = .96 ~ .97) and test-retest reliability(r = .90 ~ .92). The result showed that religious coping was positively related with religiosity, religious coping style, but not correlated with coping self-efficacy and social support. In addition, negative religious coping was negatively related with coping self-efficacy and social support.