礫間接觸氧化與濾材接觸氧化之水質淨化場效益評估

Abstract

利用現地處理工法處理生活污水，對於現階段推動下水道管線建設及興建污水處理廠來處理生活污水的方式之進程緩慢及政府財政來源問題而言，確實是利大於弊之方式。且現地處理工法除了水質淨化的效果外，亦可創造生態景觀及環境教育意義，其功能相對於污水下水道與污水處理廠在目前發展所遇到的瓶頸展現出重要的突破，確實為現階段可以大力推廣的水質淨化工法。 台灣南部二仁溪流經仁德及歸仁兩區，流域面積達350平方公里以上。長期因事業廢水及家庭污水未經妥善處理即排放入，造成河川水質陸續惡化，尤以中下游之三爺溪和港尾溝溪之污染程度最為嚴重。當地政府興建藉由現地處理自然淨化工程，淨化河川污染現況，期能改善溪流水質，給當地居民更好的生活品質。其淨化場利用天然的軟礫石或人工濾材，讓其孔隙表面的生物膜來吸附、分解細菌，提升淨化能力。 本研究即選定其中以天然礫石或人工接觸濾材各一場淨化場，長期監測及採樣檢驗其進放流水質項目，並觀察其操作維護，探討目前處理效益。並配合SPSS多變量分析方法之因子分析，予以分析處理水質項目之特性，來找尋對水質負荷較大的污染因子。進而有效改善或增加處理效果，並提供後續設計參考價值。 結果顯示，礫間曝氣淨化場SS去除率為73 %，BOD去除率約85%，氨氮去除率為68%；波浪型接觸濾材SS去除率則為65 %，BOD去除率66%，氨氮平均去除率為49%。多變量統計分析結果可將影響放流水質好壞之水質項目以懸浮固體為主要影響水質之因素，可視為營養因子，顯示其對水質改善的貢獻度之間的交互作用。

Under the current problems of government financial shortage, low progress on both sewer pipeline construction and coping with sewage by the wastewater treatment plant, it is more effective to adopt on-site treatment method to deal with sewage. Needless to say, when using the on-site treatment method, it can not only purify the quality of water, but also create the ecological scenery and have an environmental education meaning. Therefore, the on-site treatment method is definitely a good sewage purification method which is worth being popularized; moreover, it is an important breakthrough comparing with the current bottleneck that waste water treatment and sewer pipeline facing with. The Erren River in southern Taiwan flows through the Rende district and Guiren district with its catchment area above 350 square kilometer. However, due to the long period of untreated discharge of industrial waste and domestic sewage into the Erren River, the water quality of Erren River is deteriorated, especially on the midstream and downstream of San Ye River and Gang Wei Guo River. Consequently, the local government adopts the on-site treatment method of natural purifying technique and anticipates improving the water quality in order to provide the local residents a better living quality. And the materials of the on-site treatment method it use are natural gravel or artificial filter, which can adsorb and decompose bacteria by its pore surface of bio-membrane. This study focuses on both the natural gravel site and the artificial contact filter site by monitoring and sampling its own effluent quality and observing its own operation maintenance in order to comprehensively discuss the effect of current treatment. And the method adopting in this study is factor analysis of multivariate analysis in SPSS Statistics (Statistical Product and Service Solutions, SPSS). By using factor analysis, we can analyze the chemical and physical characters of water in order to figure out the hotspot of pollutants in waste water, which can both increase the treatment efficiency and provide future design good criteria. The results show that the SS, BOD and ammonia nitrogen removal rate in natural gravel site are 73%, 85% and 68% separately, while the artificial contact filter site are 65%, 66%, 49% respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis of the results of suspended solids in the water quality of the main influencing factors, nutritional factors can be considered, showing its contribution to the interaction between water quality improvement.