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標題: | 臺灣農家所得及不均度之決定因素:兼論老年農民福利津貼之政策效果 Determinants of Farm Household Income and Inequality: On the Effects of Old Farmer Pension Program |
作者: | Min-Fang wei 魏敏芳 |
指導教授: | 陸怡蕙 |
關鍵字: | 農業家戶,所得不均度,老農津貼政策,所得決定因素,以迴歸為基礎拆解,家庭規模,Gini係數,自然對數所得變異數, Farm household,Income inequality,Old Farmer Pension Program,Income determinants,Regression-based decomposition,Family size,Gini coefficient,Varianceof natural logarithm, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本文之主要研究目的在於了解臺灣農業家戶所得及不均度之決定因素,並進一步以量化方式呈現老農津貼制度對於農業家戶所得不均度的政策效果。本研究使用老農津貼納入漁會會員的1999 年至2013 年之家庭收支調查資料,並利用Fields(2003)之以迴歸為基礎的所得不均度拆解模型(regression-based income decomposition method)以達前述研究目的。以迴歸為基礎的所得不均度拆解方法之重要特性在於,所得不均度拆解的結果並不受不均度衡量指標的影響,本研究為該種拆解模型在國內文獻所得不均度研究的首度應用。
本文之實證結果顯示,近 15 年來的農業家戶可支配所得變化呈現平穩狀態,而不均度變化則呈現緩慢下滑的趨勢。經拆解家戶所得之後,可以發現,家庭規模及高教育水準勞動力人口比例持續為造成農業家戶所得不均度的前二項因素;長期以來前者在家戶所得不均度的變化扮演均等化的角色,後者則為擴大不均度的因素;而在比較不同類型的農業家戶所得時,本研究亦發現家庭規模的差異為主要造成長期以來優勢與弱勢農業家戶所得落差的主要因素。 有關老農津貼政策的效果部分,本研究發現,領取津貼對於近15 年之農業家戶間所得不均度而言,始終維持一定程度的貢獻,且比重呈現上升趨勢。進一步拆解前後調漲年度的所得不均度變化,則可發現老農津貼調漲金額的政策效果雖然有助於縮短農業家戶所得不均度,然而對於未領取津貼與有領取津貼的兩類型農業家戶而言,顯然尚有其他社會經濟因素,包含勞動力教育水準及家庭規模等,使其間存在著顯著的所得差距。故本研究建議政府除了以補貼方式持續照顧弱勢 農民,亦應持續規劃積極的輔導措施,以及從結構面著手農業產銷體系的改革,方能更全面的改善農業家戶所得以及不均度的問題。 Based on a quantitative assessment, this paper investigates the determinants of farm household income and inequality, with an emphasis on the effect of Old Farmer Pension Program. Drawn from the data of the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan Area of Republic of China from 1999 to 2013, we apply the regression-based inequality decomposition approach proposed by Fields (2003). The advantage of Fields’ decomposition is the measured percentage effect of each explanatory variable is independent of the chosen measure of inequality index. The results indicate that farm household income remained stable during the past 15 years, whereas farm household income inequality declined smoothly. Family size and the percentage of high-education working members in the farm household are the two main determinants of household income inequality. The former equalizes household income inequality while the latter is an enlarging determinant. In order to explain why the inequalities exist between different types of farm household, this study goes one step further to decompose the income differential between two groups of farm household using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The endowment effect of family size is found to play an important role leading to income differences between two groups of farm household. The results in this study also indicate that the share attributed to receiving pension have risen since 1999. Although the increase in pension is found to equalize farm household inequality, it does not exhibit the gap-bridging effect between those receiving and not, which suggests there are some other socioeconomic factors resulting in income differences between different subgroups. To improve the economic conditions of farm households and bridge income inequality, it is suggested that the government needs toundertake some radical actions to upgrade the quality of the workforce of farm household, and to pursue a structural reform of the production and marketing systems in the agricultural sector. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/52599 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 農業經濟學系 |
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