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標題: | 束制型與穿孔型鋼板剪力牆耐震設計研究 Seismic Design and Tests of Perforation and Restrainer in Steel Plate Shear Walls |
作者: | Tung Huang 黃彤 |
指導教授: | 蔡克銓(Keh-Chyuan Tsai) |
關鍵字: | 鋼板剪力牆,束制型鋼板剪力牆,穿孔型鋼板剪力牆,邊界柱構件,束制構件,容量設計,耐震設計, steel plate shear wall,restrained steel plate shear wall,perforated steel plate shear wall,boundary column,restrainer,capacity design,seismic design, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 鋼板剪力牆系統為一新型之鋼結構耐震系統,填入梁柱構件內之薄鋼板可以提供系統高側向勁度、強度及韌性,並藉由薄鋼板受剪挫屈後仍能發展出張力場之塑性變形達到耐震消能的機制。近年來在美、加、日等地區已漸受採用。但在國內之工程應用上仍不多見。主要可能原因為:一、邊界構件的容量設計常需透過複雜的板條模型完成。二、根據現行AISC規範,邊界柱塑鉸高度只能限制在柱底。如此會設計出相當粗重的邊界柱斷面,失去鋼板剪力牆的經濟效益。三、鋼板會擋住了一整面而不易穿通管線,讓建築上的使用機能失去彈性。
束制型鋼板剪力牆可以大幅降低邊界柱之撓區需求,其力學行為乃將束制構件水平設置於邊界柱上,讓束制構件協助邊界柱抵抗強大的張力場,就好像邊界柱上的側向支撐,因此可以降低一般鋼板剪力牆邊界柱被向內拉成漏斗型的趨勢,進而發展出更優越的耐震性能及更經濟的鋼板剪力牆系統。本研究將前人所提出之簡便的底層邊界柱容量設計法延伸至束制型鋼板剪力牆。 穿孔型鋼板剪力牆則可提供鋼板管線通道,增加建築上之使用性,且當鋼板強度或厚度過大時,可利用穿孔技術將鋼板強度折減至設計需求,達到更經濟的設計。本研究利用許多組之ABAQUS有限元素模型分析結果進行參數分析,提出較精準之穿孔型鋼板強度計算公式,並建議穿孔佈設方法。 為進一步驗證束制型鋼板剪力牆與穿孔型鋼板剪力牆的耐震性能,本研究與楊依璇同學合作,設計一座實尺寸兩層樓C型三維鋼板剪力牆試體,在國家地震工程研究中心進行反復側推試驗。整座試體由三面鋼板剪力牆組成,試體長向為跨距五米之未束制型鋼板剪力牆,短向為兩面跨距兩米之制型鋼板剪力牆,三面的二樓皆為穿孔型鋼板剪力牆,一樓高3.41米,使用2.6毫米厚的低降伏鋼板,二樓高3.28米,鋼板穿孔至等效厚度1.8毫米。以此試體來探討束制型鋼板剪力牆底層邊界柱的塑性行為、束制構件的內力需求及其設計方法、以及穿孔型鋼板剪力牆設計公式的準確性,並建立ABAQUS有限元素模型及PISA3D板條模型來模擬試驗反應。 反覆側推試驗至正3.0%位移角與負5.0%位移角的結果顯示,本研究的設計方法可以良好預測底層邊界柱的塑鉸高度、束制構件的內力、以及穿孔後鋼板的有效厚度,分別只低估3%的樓高,束制構件上高估15%的軸力及11%的彎矩,以及高估4%的穿孔強度折減比。數值模型的分析結果也可有效地模擬試體反應,證實本研究提出之束制型與穿孔型鋼板剪力牆的耐震設計方法是可靠的。 Steel Plate S hear Wall (SPSW) is a new type of steel structural seismic system, which has been recognized having high lateral stiffness and ductility. It has gained significant acceptance in the U.S, Canada, and Japan in recent years. However, it has not been adopted wildly in Taiwan for practical use. This could be due to the following reasons: (1) The capacity design of boundary elements requires the complex and time-consuming analysis of a strip model. (2) According to the Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, the plastic hinge in the 1st story column is only allowed to form at the bottom end. Consequently, it often leads to a very conservative and uneconomic column design. (3) The steel panel often occupies an entire vertical area in a frame, and not flexible from an architectural point of view. Restrainers in the Restrained SPSWs (R-SPSWs) are horizontally placed between two columns to help boundary columns and beams in resisting tension field action. Restrainers can significantly reduce flexural moment demands on boundary columns thereby allowing engineers to design SPSWs in a more robust and economic way. This study proposes the capacity design methodology for the R-SPSWs. Perforated SPSWs (P-SPSWs) provide utility passages, which will increase architecture flexibility. Besides, if all of the available steel panels are too strong or too thick for specific design requirements, perforation can reduce panel strength and achieve the economic design. This study conducts a series of ABAQUS model analyses and carries out linear regression analysis on these analytical results. A more accurate method is proposed for estimating panel strength, and a simplified design procedure is provide for the design of P-SPSWs. In order to verify the design methodology and the seismic performance of R-SPSWs and P-SPSWs, a full scale 2-story C-type 3D-SPSWs specimen was tested in NCREE in collaboration with another graduate student, Ms. Yi-Hsuan Yang. The specimen consists of one 5-meter long SPSW in the longitudinal side and two 2-meter wide R-SPSWs in the transverse side. The 1st story is 3.41 meter high and using 2.6 mm-thick low yield steel panel. The 2nd story is 3.28 meter high and adopting perforated panel with a strength-equivalent thickness of 1.8mm. In addition, this study conducts numerical analyses using ABAQUS shell and PISA3D strip models to predict the responses of the specimen. Cyclic loading test results show that the maximum positive and negative roof drift ratios are +3% and -5%, respectively. Tests also confirm that the design methodology can satisfactorily predict the location of in-span plastic hinges, the force demands on the restrainers, and the strength-equivalent thickness of the perforated panel. Therefore, the proposed design methodologies for the R-SPSWs and P-SPSWs are proved to be practical and useful. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/52285 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
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