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標題: | 金門縣金沙與榮湖水庫營養鹽負荷與水質優養化控制策略分析 Nutrient Loading and Control Strategies for Eutrophication of the Jin-sha and Rong-hu Reservoirs in Kinmen |
作者: | Chien-Chang Wu 吳健彰 |
指導教授: | 吳先琪(Shian-Chee Wu) |
關鍵字: | 柱孢藻,高鹽度與高導電度,金門,營養鹽負荷模式,遮光裝置, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii,high conductivity and salinity,Kinmen,nutrient-loading model,light-shading device, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 金門縣的金沙水庫與榮湖水庫長期遭受高有濃度的溶解性有機質污染與優養化的問題。溶解性有機質不僅使水處理效率受到影響,提升了水處理的成本,亦會使消毒副產物(DBP)在水處理過程中產生,使得用水民眾暴露於罹癌之風險當中。而水庫水質優養化的現象,使得庫內產生高濁度、低溶氧等問題,甚至產生不良的氣味。 在前人的研究結果中曾提及,柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii) 是金沙水庫與榮湖水庫的優勢藻種,而兩個水庫之高鹽度與高導電度情形,可能是具有耐鹽能力的柱孢藻優勢的主要原因。本研究希望能夠藉由調查水庫特性、水庫集水區營養鹽負荷情形以及庫內的藻種分布,找出柱孢藻與庫內多項水質參數與溶解性有機物質的相關性及其在水庫內所扮演之角色。結果顯示,柱孢藻的優勢與水庫高鹽高導電度特性之關聯性是肯定的。 而由於柱孢藻的耐鹽能力是其優勢關鍵,本研究亦對造成金沙水庫與榮湖水庫具有高鹽度與高導電度之進流來源追蹤探討,發現鹽類主要經由金沙水庫之入流道-金沙溪流入庫內,而榮湖水庫除了入流道之外,低水位時底層裂縫亦有鹽類入滲之現象。庫內有機質主要來自庫內的藻類,而金沙水庫與榮湖水庫在低DIN:DIP 以及低水溫時,較能使柱孢藻優勢。 針對水庫營養鹽負荷之估算,本研究發展出一套包含內部與外部負荷之計算方法,並藉由此法進行庫內溶解性無機氮(DIN)與溶解性無機磷(DIP)負荷之濃度模擬,計算結果成功模擬出與現實濃度有相似範圍之營養鹽濃度。而為了更有效控制藻類,本研究設計了具有遮光能力的板形裝置,並經由實場試驗評估其制藻的可行性,發現50%之遮光面積對於制藻並無顯著效果。 藉由上述結果,針對柱孢藻之優養提出控制策略:1. 避免農民使用含鹽地下水灌溉農田,並以金沙水調榮湖之方式維持榮湖水庫水位,以控制鹽類從底部入滲; 2. 減少外部非點汙染源進入水庫,例如於入流口加蓋滯留池,使泥沙得以沉澱。 Jin-sha Reservoir and Rong-hu Reservoir in Kinmen County suffer from the problems of high concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and eutrophication. High DOC in raw water will lower the efficiency of water treatment, cause the production of disinfection byproducts (DBP) in tap water, increase the treating cost and pose risk of cancer to the public. Eutrophication also leads to problems such as high turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, bad odors, etc. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, which was thought as a tolerator of high salinity in previous researches, was the dominating species in Jin-sha Reservoir and Rong-hu Reservoir most of the time, This study aimed to find out the correlations between the abundance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and several water quality parameters in the reservoirs as well as the reason for high DOC by investigating physical and chemical characteristics of reservoirs, nutrient loadings from the watersheds , and the algal composition. Sources of saline water that resulted in high salinity and conductivity in these two reservoirs were sought. In addition, this study devoted to develop a new method for estimating the nutrient loadings of the reservoirs, and constructed a model for simulating the concentration of DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen ) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) in the two reservoirs. In order to control the growth of algae, a device as light-shading board was developed and its performance was evaluated by field test. The results of investigation shows that dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii does have correlation with the high salinity in the water. Saline water entered through inflow channels of these two reservoirs. Large proportion of dissolved organic carbon in the reservoirs was produced by algae, and the environment with low dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) ratio and low temperature favored the dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. Simulated nutrient concentrations fall in the ranges the same as the real concentrations. Finally, we found that light-shading device would not be effective when shading only 50% of the water surface, and more tests are needed. With all these results, controlling strategies for eutrophication ( Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii ) were figured out: 1. Keeping the water level high to avoid saline water entering Rong-hu Reservoir from the bottom, and using saline groundwater for irrigation should be avoided. 2. building retention pond at the inflow channels of the reservoirs to retain eroded soil as much as possible. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51754 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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