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標題: | 南韓推動FTA之研究(2003~2014)--從政治系統理論分析 South Korea's Promotion of FTAs (2003~2014): A Political System Analysis |
作者: | Hao-Yao Chen 陳蒿堯 |
指導教授: | 葛永光(Yeong-Kuang Ger) |
關鍵字: | 政治系統理論,區域經濟整合,自由貿易協定,區域貿易協定, Political System Theory,Global Economic Integration,Free Trade Agreement,Regional Trade Agreement,Trade Treaty and Free Trade Agreement Procedure Regulation,International Trade Negotiation,FTA Compensation Policy, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 中文摘要
1997年亞洲金融危機發生前, 南韓基於小國與其他大國談判FTA將處於不利地位,多以政治或外交方式處理被FTA 排斥之相關問題,在國際經貿談判中主要支持依循世界貿易組織(WTO)法規為基礎的多邊主義架構(Multilateralism),並無獨立之FTA推動政策。 1997年金融危機結束後,為因應全球經濟整合的浪潮,以及確保穩定之出口基礎並積極吸引外資,南韓政府於1998年11月5日召開對外經濟調整委員會,決議正式推動FTA作為主要的對外通商核心政策,希望透過積極參與經濟整合,提升國際地位。 2003年盧武鉉政府提出《FTA戰略藍圖》,2004年與智利簽訂第一項FTA,迄今與包括美國、歐盟與中國在內的52個國家與經濟體完成15項FTA簽署協商,其中與49個國家的11項FTA已經南韓國會批准並生效。 過往之研究多從經濟發展和台韓競爭關係的角度剖析南韓推動FTA政策的背景與思維,很少深入探討南韓政府FTA政策相對的因應策略,以及美國的態度與行動在南韓推動FTA中所扮演的角色,更鮮少以整體之觀點對於南韓推動FTA之相關政策進行學術探討。 本文以伊士頓(David Easton)於1953年提出的「政治系統理論」(Political System Theory)作為串聯全文的研究架構,視南韓洽簽FTA為維持國家利益與安全,對外提升整體國家地位的經濟外交戰略,參考南韓政府公報、美國國會研析報告、智庫研究報告、國內外學者撰寫之重要期刊論文與專書,以及主要媒體報導,並實際訪談南韓參與擬定FTA推動決策之卸任官員、學者專家與農民團體代表,以瞭解南韓菁英之FTA推動思維與決策模式。 南韓啟動FTA戰略的外在國際政經背景,包括:(一) 民主化與經濟開放政策、(二)全球經濟整合的浪潮、(三)美韓同盟關係的轉變、(四)朝鮮半島區域安全的考量。本文以國際貨幣基金組織(International Monetary Fund, IMF)如何協助南韓走出1997年亞洲金融危機進行經濟改革為背景,再進一步分成國際與國內政治、經濟與安全層面,探究南韓從洽簽對象國的選擇到推動時程,因應對策與各時期之發展目標。 從國內政治層次來看,由於 FTA 的簽訂不僅具備國際事務的特性,亦與國內政策具有相當程度之連結,本論文從(一)國家領導人的決策風格、(二)官僚組織組成與運作、(三)政黨與府會關係之折衝、(四)農民與利益團體之牽制等國內政經因素對南韓推動FTA的影響,探討南韓政府如何透過健全法規修訂因應自由化挑戰,同時制定合理補償政策,以因應FTA開放而權益受損之農民與中小企業,並透過由總統頒布的行政訓令《自由貿易協定締結程序規定》與國會通過《通商條約之締結暨履行相關法律》,就政府如何對外協商談判FTA之相關程序進行規範,訂立明確的遊戲規則,進而增加FTA談判透明度的過程。另探討南韓推動FTA之影響,包括經濟發展、社經衝擊與提高國際能見度,以及南韓推動FTA對我國之啟發。 Abstract Before 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, South Korea didn’t have independent FTA promotion policy. For Korean government thought that small country makes FTA negotiation with big country is unfavorable, so South Korea preferred to follow the WTO rule-based multilateral framework and take advantage of political and diplomatic way to handle exclusion of FTA-related issues. After 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, in order to response to the wave of global economic integration and ensure the stability of export to attract foreign investment, Korean government convened the International Economic Coordination Committee on November 5th, 1998 and officially launched to promote FTA as main core foreign trade policy to participate in economic integration and enhance international visibility. In 2003, the Roh Moo-Hyun administration put forward the “FTA Roadmap” and signed the first FTA with Chile since 2004. So far in 2015, South Korea has already completed FTA negotiation with 52 countries and economies for 15 FTAs; and among these FTAs, there are 11 FTAs with 49 countries have ratified by the Korean National Assembly and entered into force. The past academic research were more from the perspective of economic development and competition relationship between Taiwan and South Korea to analysis the background and thinking of South Korea’s FTA promotion, and few researches explored Korean government’s coping policy and touched U.S. influence on it, even take the whole view to probe the South Korea’s FTA promotion. The main theme of dissertation applies David Easton’s Political System Theory as conceptual framework and regard South Korea put forward FTA as economic diplomacy strategy to maintain national interest and security, and enhance the international status. The dissertation also makes use of South Korea’s FTA promotion as background and takes advantage of Korean government official documents, memoir of national officer, U.S. CRS Report for Congress, think tank research reports, academic journal articles and news media reports as main resources, together with face-to-face interviews with Korean former government officials, scholars, experts and representatives of agriculture group on negotiation process to understand and analyze Korean elites how to initiate FTA policy. The external environment for South Korea to start FTA strategy include (1) democratization and economic liberalization policies, (2) global economic integration wave, (3) transformation of US-ROK alliance and (4) regional security considerations on Korean Peninsula. The dissertation starts from International Monetary Fund assist South Korea for economic revolution after 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, then explore Korean government how to select FTA targets, manage countermeasure plans and set strategic evolutions and development goals for each stage from the level of international and national politics, economics and security. Furthermore, from the domestic politics, for signing FTA not only has much to do with international affairs, but also make close connections with domestic policy. The dissertation explore the internal factors including (1) presidential leadership, (2) bureaucratic organizations and operations, (3)political party and conciliation between Korean government and National Assembly, (4) containment from agricultural and interest groups, then analyze their influences on FTA promotion. In addition, the dissertation also probes Korean government how to enact reasonable regulations to meet the challenges of globalization, how to develop a reasonable compensation policy to make up farmers and small and medium enterprises, and Korean government how to communicate with National Assembly and the public to adjust FTA strategy via “Presidential Directive on Procedures for the Conclusion of Free Trade Agreement” and “Trade and Commerce Procedural Law” to regulate proper rules for FTA procedures and increase negotiation transparent. The dissertation concludes and analyzes South Korea’s FTA promotion effects on economic development, social impacts and international status of South Korea, and its expirations to Taiwan. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51744 |
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