以反應曲面法探討杏鮑菇之光環境生長模式

Abstract

杏鮑菇因具有杏仁味、口感有如鮑魚而得名，並且廣受消費者喜愛，是新興菇類產業中的佼佼者，近年來是台灣最熱門的栽種品種，目前已有許多針對杏鮑菇所做的研究，多是針對其栽培過程中環境條件之影響進行探討。許多菇類業者則依循經驗去種植，並沒有一個比較明確的生長模式。因此，本研究針對光環境對杏鮑菇生長之影響進行探討，並應用反應曲面法進行分析，以建立較佳之杏鮑菇生長模式，讓杏鮑菇業者在生產栽培時能有更佳的策略掌控，使杏鮑菇之產量以及品質能夠提升，以增加其在市場上的競爭力。 本研究與合作業者共同進行，於業者之杏鮑菇出菇室架設實驗所需之設備進行實驗，杏鮑菇之栽培流程當中菌種製作、栽培基質製作、接種、走菌皆由合作業者處理，而在刺激出菇階段則使用自行架設之設備控制光環境參數以進行試驗。實驗搭配反應曲面法之設計與分析，採用光質、光強度以及光週期為實驗因子，其中光質為不同紅、藍光混合比例，欲找出期望產出何種形態之杏鮑菇需要使用何種光環境參數。 反應曲面法之實驗結果顯示，在刺激出菇階段使用62.5 %之紅光比例、8 μmole/m2s之光強度以及2 hr/day之光週期可以得到較高得A級與B級產量，在此模式下預測採收時平均每個太空包之A、B、C級杏鮑菇產量分別為96.88 g、38.82 g、23.56 g，總產量與試驗點之最高產量差不多，但可以提高A級杏鮑菇產量之比例。在外觀形態方面，使用62.5 %之紅光比例、8 μmole/m2s之光強度以及11.22 hr/day之光週期可以得到較長且較粗之杏鮑菇，在此模式下預測採收時杏鮑菇平均菌柄長、菌傘寬、菌柄粗分別為99.83 mm、36.98 mm、41.49 mm。使用37.5 %之紅光比例、4 μmole/m2s之光強度以及22 hr/day之光週期可以得到較短且粗之杏鮑菇，在此模式下預測採收時杏鮑菇平均菌柄長、菌傘寬、菌柄粗分別為86.97 mm、33.17 mm、43.21 mm。使用62.5 %之紅光比例、8 μmole/m2s之光強度以及12.6 hr/day之光週期可以得到較少得杏鮑菇數目而每個杏鮑菇之平均重量則是較高的，在此模式下預測採收時平均每個太空包會產出1.13個A級或B級杏鮑菇，平均每個杏鮑菇重量約為72.14 g。

The Chinese name of Pleurotus eryngii is named due to its almond flavor and abalone taste, and it well loved by consumers. It is one of leading species in the emerging mushroom industry, and it is the most popular mushroom cultured in Taiwan in recent years. Many researches about Pleurotus eryngii have been conducted to study the influence of the environmental conditions during the cultivation. Many mushroom growers cultivate Pleurotus eryngii mainly based on their experience. However, there are no reliable growth models available. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the influence of the light environments, and adopt the response surface method (RSM) to develop the growth models for the Pleurotus eryngii. This research will help the mushroom growers to have better cultivation strategies, to improve the yield and quality of the Pleurotus eryngii, and to enhance their competitiveness in the markets. This research was cooperated with a grower to set up the experimental equipment in the grower’s fruiting room. All the spawn production, cultivation media production, vaccination, mycelial growth during Pleurotus eryngii cultivation were prepared and supported by the cooperated grower. We controlled the light environmental parameters during the fruiting body formation for experiments. Regarding the cultivation strategies, the response surface method (RSM) was used to investigate the operation parameters for the Pleurotus eryngii cultivation, and we selected light quality, light intensity and photoperiod as the experimental factors for RSM, in which light quality was in terms of different ratios of mixed red light and blue light. We also studied how the light environmental parameters affect the morphology of Pleurotus eryngii. The results of the response surface method shows that during the fruiting body formation, it needs 62.5 % of red light of the light quality, 8 μmole/m2s of the light intensity and 2 hr/day of the photoperiod to produce more Pleurotus eryngii of grade A and grade B. With this model, we can predict each growth bag will have 96.88 g and 38.82 g, 23.56 g of the Pleurotus eryngii of grade A, B and C at the harvest. And it will enhance the ratio of the grade A in all outputs. As of the morphology of Pleurotus eryngii, it needs 62.5 % of red light of the light quality, 8 μmole/m2s of the light intensity and 11.22 hr/day of the photoperiod to extend the stipe, cap and thickness of the Pleurotus eryngii. With this model, the averaged sizes of stipe, cap and thickness are 99.83 mm, 36.98 mm and 41.49 mm at the harvest. It needs 37.5 % of red light of the light quality, 4 μmole/m2s of the light intensity and 22 hr/day of the photoperiod to have short and thick stipe. With this model, the averaged sizes of stipe, cap and thickness of 86.97 mm, 33.17 mm and 43.21 mm at the harvest. The light conditions of 62.5 % of red light of the light quality, 8 μmole/m2s of the light intensity and 12.6 hr/day of the photoperiod will lead to fewer number of Pleurotus eryngii but the averaged weight is higher. With this model, we will get the average number of 1.13 of the grade A or grade B of the Pleurotus eryngii for each growth bag, and the averaged weight is 72.14 g.